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11.
Antibodies can swiftly provide therapeutics to target disease-related molecules
discovered in genomic research. Antibody engineering techniques have been actively
developed and these technological innovations have intensified the development of
therapeutic antibodies. From the mid-1990’s, a series of therapeutic antibodies were
launched that are now being used in clinic. The disease areas that therapeutic antibodies
can target have subsequently expanded, and antibodies are currently utilized as
pharmaceuticals for cancer, inflammatory disease, organ transplantation, cardiovascular
disease, infection, respiratory disease, ophthalmologic disease, and so on. This paper
briefly describes the modes of action of therapeutic antibodies. Several non-clinical
study results of the pathological changes induced by therapeutic antibodies are also
presented to aid the future assessment of the toxic potential of an antibody developed as
a therapeutic. 相似文献
12.
Kazuhiro WATANABE Kotaro HAYASHI Saku KIJIMA Chie NONAKA Kazuaki YAMAZOE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1323-1325
In this study, scaling, polishing and daily tooth brushing were performed in 20 beagle
dogs, and the number of oral bacteria was determined using a bacterial counter. The dogs
were randomized into the scaling (S), scaling + polishing (SP), scaling + tooth daily
brushing (SB) and scaling + polishing + tooth daily brushing (SPB) groups. Samples were
collected from the buccal surface of the maxillary fourth premolars of the dogs
immediately after scaling and every week thereafter from weeks 1 to 8. Throughout the
study, the number of bacteria was significantly lower in the SB and SPB groups compared
with the S group. The findings suggest that daily tooth brushing inhibited oral bacterial
growth in the dogs. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Ogata N Hashizume C Momozawa Y Masuda K Kikusui T Takeuchi Y Mori Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(2):157-159
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are important for terminating glutamatergic neurotransmission and protect central nervous system (CNS) neurons from glutamatergic excitotoxicity. We selected these genes as targets that may relate to canine behavioral traits. After screening four EAAT genes (glutamate transporter-1; GLT-1, excitatory amino acid transporter 4; EAAT4, excitatory amino acid carrier; EAAC1, glutamate/aspartate transporter; GLAST) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified two silent SNPs (C129T and T471C) in the GLT-1 gene. We genotyped 193 dogs of 5 breeds and found significant variation among breeds in these two SNPs in GLT-1. The C129T polymorphism was not observed in Malteses and Miniature Schnauzers. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the GLT-1 gene may be useful markers for examining how the genetic background relates to the behavioral traits of dogs. 相似文献
16.
Itaru Yamaguchi Kensuke Myojo Hiroko Sanada Eri Sudo Sayaka Ootsuka Hiroshi Okumura Atsuko Takami Tomomi Yoneshige Yui Suzuki Minami Imaizumi Chie Takada Naoya Kimoto Koji Saeki Katsumi Takaba 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(3):301-307
We histopathologically and immunohistochemically investigated a case of malignant
lymphoma that spontaneously developed in a male common marmoset at two years of age.
Beginning at two years four months of age, the animal had an enlargement of the
submandibular and inguinal lymph nodes, small subcutaneous nodules near the right breast
and an approximately fivefold increase in peripheral lymphocyte count compared with the
previous examination value. The postmortem findings at two years eight months of age
showed lymphadenopathy with enlargement of the thymus and spleen. Small- to
intermediate-sized neoplastic lymphocytes had diffusely proliferated in the enlarged
nodes. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic and had irregularly shaped nuclei. The
nuclear chromatin staining revealed hyperchromatism in the small-sized cells, and the
intermediate-sized cells exhibited vesicular staining. An immunohistochemical examination
indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and negative for CD20,
thus suggesting that they had originated from T cells. In addition, the proliferation of
high endothelial venules and reactive epithelioid histiocytes was observed. Scattered
tingible body-laden macrophages were infrequently detected. Neoplastic lymphocytes were
also observed in the thymus, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and
femoral and sternal bone marrow. This malignant lymphoma in a young male common marmoset
was considered to fit the category of “peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
(PTCL-NOS)” according to the new WHO system of classification. 相似文献
17.
Chie FUJINO Satoko WADA Tomohiko KONOIKE Koki TOYOTA Yuko SUGA Jun-ichi IKEDA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(4):534-542
The effect of organic amendment on the resistance and resilience of the organic matter decomposing activity was compared between soils amended with compost and with chemical fertilizers. The impact of metam sodium disinfection on cellulose-decomposing activity and on the number of nematodes in three types of soils was periodically measured. In an andosol, cellulose-decomposing activity was significantly suppressed by soil disinfection only in the chemically fertilized soil (CF-soil) and not in the soils to which cow manure compost and okara (the residue in tofu production)/coffee compost was added. In a brown lowland soil, cellulose-decomposing activity was significantly suppressed by soil disinfection in the CF-soil, but not in the soils to which higher amounts of cow manure compost and pig manure compost had been added. In a red-yellow soil, cellulose-decomposing activity was significantly suppressed by soil disinfection in all soils, but its resilience was higher in the soils to which cow manure compost or coffee compost was added compared with the CF-soil. Total numbers of nematodes were markedly decreased by soil disinfection in all soils. These results may suggest that the resistance and resilience of cellulose-decomposing activity against soil disinfection were enhanced by organic amendments, while disinfection had fatal effects on soil nematodes. In most of the organically amended soils, the mean weight diameters of aggregates were larger compared with the CF-soils, suggesting that highly structured soil pore networks may provide shelters for the soil microbes responsible for cellulose decomposition against disinfection. This hypothesis was supported by the result that the resistance of cellulose-decomposing activity against soil disinfection decreased when the soil structure was destroyed by grinding in a mortal and pestle. 相似文献
18.
Tamamoto C Seino N Suzuki M Kaji K Takahashi H Inokuma H 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,150(4):370-373
Ehrlichia muris DNA was detected in the blood of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific PCR based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific PCR based on the 16S rRNA gene. Among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. Deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of E. muris. 相似文献
19.
Muh Ali Arsyad Takashi Akazawa Chie Nozaki Makoto Yoshida Kenichi Oyama Tatsuo Mukai Masahiro Ogawa 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(5):1299-1308
Olive leaf is known to have the high polyphenol content of 6–9% in dry weight. We investigated the effects of olive leaf powder (OLP) supplemented to fish feed on muscle protein of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fish reared with feed containing 8% OLP for 40 days had 1.4 times higher myofibril content and 2.2 times higher acid-soluble collagen content than fish reared with control feed for the same period. On the other hand, sarcoplasmic protein content and collagenase activity of the muscle were almost the same between the control fish and OLP-diet fish. Microstructure observation of fish muscle showed that OLP-diet fish has more rigid endomysium structure than that of the control-diet fish. Since collagen fiber in endomysium is responsible for the texture of the muscle, feeding OLP to aquaculture fish will lead to a harder muscle texture. The present study suggests that OLP is a useful feed additive to enhance the texture of aquaculture red sea bream muscle through strengthening of the collagen structure in the muscle. 相似文献
20.
Hiroko Yamaguchi Misako Nakaya Gen Kaneko Chie Yoneda Toshitaka Mochizuki Katsuya Fukami Hideki Ushio Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):327-334
The taste and extractive components of boiled dorsal muscle and broth prepared from half-smooth golden puffer Lagocephalus spadiceus caught in Japan and from those imported from China were compared. In the sensory test, the first taste, elasticity, and saltiness of boiled muscle from Japanese (domestic) fish were higher than those of the imported fish, whereas the orthonasal fishy smell of the imported fish was higher than that of the domestic fish. The first taste, aftertaste, retronasal fishy smell, sweetness, saltiness, and umami of the broth prepared from dorsal muscle of the domestic fish were higher than those of the imported fish, whereas orthonasal fishy smell and bitterness of the imported fish were higher than those of the domestic fish. Most panelists preferred the overall taste of the domestic fish to that of the imported fish. The concentration of trimethylamine in the trichloroacetic acid extracts from boiled muscle and broth of the imported fish was higher than that of the domestic fish, suggesting that this substance contributes to the orthonasal fishy smell of the imported fish. 相似文献