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101.
Atsushi Ajitomi Tetsuya Takushi Atsushi Ooshiro Maki Yamashiro Satoshi Taba 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(1):70-72
A panicle blight with sclerotia was found on mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, in March 2016. Water-soaked lesions with white mycelia developed on panicles in the flowering stage; softening and decay of panicles was followed by formation of sclerotia. The fungus isolated from these sclerotia was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum based on morphology and analysis of rDNA-ITS sequences. The isolate reproduced the symptoms on mango panicles in an inoculation test and was reisolated from flower stalks. This is the first report of sclerotinia rot (kinkaku-byo in Japanese) on mango caused by S. sclerotiorum in Japan. 相似文献
102.
Maya Matsunami Toshinori Matsunami Ikuko Kodama Atsushi Ogawa Kyoko Toyofuku Junko Ishikawa-Sakurai 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):173-180
This study aimed to characterize the physiological and morphological traits that are associated with adaptation to unflooded soil conditions in rice. Four indica rice cultivars (Puluik Arang, Badari Dhan, Shwe Nang Gyi, and Ratul), which were previously identified as highly or less adaptable to unflooded soil conditions, were grown under flooded and unflooded (soil water potential; -0.10 MPa) soil conditions. Water uptake was measured every day for three weeks, and then the leaf water potential, the stomatal conductance, the dry matter weight, shoot and root morphological traits were measured. Puluik Arang and Badari Dhan exhibited greater leaf area expansion and higher maintenance of root development under the unflooded condition than that by other cultivars. The leaf water potential and stomatal conductance of fully expanded highest leaf in Puluik Arang and Badari Dhan were not affected by unflooded soil regime. Leaf area and root morphological traits were significantly correlated with water uptake regardless of soil moisture regimes. These results suggested that Puluik Arang and Badari Dhan exhibited great water uptake capacity through physiological and morphological adaptation of shoot and root traits to unflooded condition, resulting in great biomass productivity under the condition. 相似文献
103.
104.
Atsushi Hayakawa Hiroko Akiyama Shigeto Sudo Kazuyuki Yagi 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(3):521-529
Animal manures from intensive livestock operations can be pelleted to improve handlings and recyclings of embodied nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pelleted poultry manure on N2O and NO fluxes from an Andisol field. In autumn 2006 and summer 2007, poultry manure (PM), pelleted poultry manure (PP), and chemical fertilizer (CF) were applied at a rate of 120 kg N ha−1 in each cultivation period to Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis). Nitrous oxide and NO fluxes were measured using an automated monitoring system. A soil incubation experiment was also conducted to determine the influence of intact and ground pelleted manure on N2O, NO, and CO2 production with a water-filled pore space (WFPS) of 30 or 50%. In the field measurements, N2O emission rates from the organic fertilizer treatments were larger than that from the CF treatment, possibly because organic C stimulated denitrification. The highest N2O flux was observed from the PP treatment after a rainfall following fertilization, and the cumulative emission rate (2.72 ± 0.22 kg N ha−1 y−1) was 3.9 and 7.1 times that from the PM and CF treatments, respectively. In contrast, NO emission rates were highest from the CF treatment. The NO/N2O flux ratio indicated that nitrification was the dominant process for NO and N2O production from the CF treatment. Cumulative N2O emission rates from all treatments were generally higher during the wetter cultivation period (autumn 2006) than during the drier cultivation period (summer 2007). In contrast, NO emission rates were higher in the drier than in the wetter cultivation period. The incubation experiment results showed a synergistic effect of soil moisture and the pelleted manure form on N2O emission rates. The intact pelleted manure with the 50% WFPS treatment produced the highest N2O and CO2 fluxes and resulted in the lowest soil NO3− content after the incubation. These results indicate that anaerobic conditions inside the pellets, caused by rainfall and heterotrophic microbial activities, led to denitrification, resulting in high N2O fluxes. Controlling the timing of N application by avoiding wet conditions might be one mitigation option to reduce N2O emission rates from the PP treatment in this study field. 相似文献
105.
106.
Yoshio MINAMI Seiko YAMANO Minako KAWAI Atsushi HIRAGA Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(3):33-40
To find a new parameter indicating muscle fitness in Thoroughbred horses, we examined
time-dependent recovery of glycogen content and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Ca2+-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle after intensive treadmill running.
Two repeated 50-sec running sessions (13 m/sec) were performed on a flat treadmill
(approximately 90%VO2max). Muscle samples of the middle gluteal muscle were
taken before exercise (pre) and 1 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 24 hr after exercise. Muscle
fiber type composition was determined in the pre muscle samples by immunohistochemical
staining with monoclonal antibody to myosin heavy chain. SR Ca2+-ATPase
activity of the muscle and glycogen content of each muscle fiber type were determined with
biochemical analysis and quantitative histochemical staining, respectively. As compared to
the pre value, the glycogen content of each muscle fiber type was reduced by 15–27% at 1
min, 20 min, and 60 min after the exercise and recovered to the pre value at 24 hr after
exercise test. These results indicate that 24 hr is enough time to recover glycogen
content after short-term intensive exercise. The mean value of the SR
Ca2+-ATPase activity showed a slight decrease (not significant) immediately
after exercise, and complete recovery at 60 min after exercise. There were no significant
relationship between the changes in glycogen content of each muscle fiber type and SR
Ca2+-ATPase. Although further studies are needed, SR Ca2+-ATPase
is not a useful parameter to detect muscle fitness, at least in Thoroughbred horses. 相似文献
107.
Hiromi KEINO Atsushi FUNAHASHI Hiroomi KEINO Chihiro MIWA Masanori HOSOKAWA Yoshihiro HAYASHI Kenji KAWAKITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(4):79-88
In this study, we applied a novel psycho-educational horseback riding (PEHR) program to
the treatment of four Japanese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in
order to facilitate the acquisition of verbal and nonverbal communication skills. The
behavioral changes in each child were evaluated using a psychological and behavioral
scale. The scale for evaluating the effect of Human-Equips-Interaction on Mental activity
(HEIM scale) was designed to assess the behavioral improvement of children based on the
following 10 items: Human relationships, Imitation, Emotional expression, Sudden physical
movement, Fixative behavior, Adaptation to change, Visual response, Fear or nervousness,
and Verbal and nonverbal communication. After taking part in the PEHR program for several
months, all subjects showed remarkably improved HEIM scores and marked improvements were
observed in eye contact with others (instructors, side walkers, and leaders) in the riding
area. A statistical difference was found in items 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9. However, no
statistical difference was found in items 4, 5, and 10. As the program progressed, the
children showed enhanced verbal and nonverbal communication skills, and became more
expressive in their emotional and empathetic interaction with their parents. These
observations suggest that the normal functioning of pleasurable emotions and empathy may
facilitate further improvements in joint attention, imitation and empathy, and may result
in successful verbal expression by PDD children. Therefore, horseback riding can play a
very important role in the psycho-educational support required for the communication
ability of PDD children. 相似文献
108.
Ishida A Diloksumpun S Ladpala P Staporn D Panuthai S Gamo M Yazaki K Ishizuka M Puangchit L 《Tree physiology》2006,26(5):643-656
We compared differences in leaf properties, leaf gas exchange and photochemical properties between drought-deciduous and evergreen trees in tropical dry forests, where soil nutrients differed but rainfall was similar. Three canopy trees (Shorea siamensis Miq., Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) W. Theob. and Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer) in a drought-deciduous forest and a canopy tree (Hopea ferrea Lanessan) in an evergreen forest were selected. Soil nutrient availability is lower in the evergreen forest than in the deciduous forest. Compared with the evergreen tree, the deciduous trees had shorter leaf life spans, lower leaf masses per area, higher leaf mass-based nitrogen (N) contents, higher leaf mass-based photosynthetic rates (mass-based P(n)), higher leaf N-based P(n), higher daily maximum stomatal conductance (g(s)) and wider conduits in wood xylem. Mass-based P(n) decreased from the wet to the dry season for all species. Following onset of the dry season, daily maximum g(s) and sensitivity of g(s) to leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit remained relatively unchanged in the deciduous trees, whereas both properties decreased in the evergreen tree during the dry season. Photochemical capacity and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII) also remained relatively unchanged in the deciduous trees even after the onset of the dry season. In contrast, photochemical capacity decreased and NPQ increased in the evergreen tree during the dry season, indicating that the leaves coped with prolonged drought by down-regulating PSII. Thus, the drought-avoidant deciduous species were characterized by high N allocation for leaf carbon assimilation, high water use and photoinhibition avoidance, whereas the drought-tolerant evergreen was characterized by low N allocation for leaf carbon assimilation, conservative water use and photoinhibition tolerance. 相似文献
109.
Ken Touhata Atsushi Namikoshi Tamami Suzuki Jun Iguchi Nanami Mizusawa Tatsuro Hara Shintaro Imamura Takeshi Yabu Yumiko Yamashita Michiaki Yamashita 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(5):865-875
Nucleotide sequences in internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region derived from dried nori products produced in Japan, China, and the Republic of Korea were compared. Thalli contained in the Japanese products were genetically homogenous, and their nucleotide sequences in ITS-1 were identical to those of the reference strains of Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis. In Chinese products, the thalli were related to P. yezoensis strain Minomiasakusa. In contrast, the thalli in the Korean products were genetically heterogeneous, and several different P. yezoensis strains and other Pyropia spp. were used for dried nori products. In some thalli produced in both China and Korea, the DNA sequences of the ITS-1 region were identical with that of Japan, suggesting that the cultivar strains might have been transplanted from Japan to China in recent years. The 432-bp-long nucleotide sequences in the ITS-1 region of thalli derived from Japanese origin were cleaved to two restriction fragments at 154 and 278 bp by cleavage of PCR-amplified products using MspI. Conversely, almost all of the corresponding sequences derived from China and Korea were lacking MspI or other restriction patterns, except for nori products from some areas that cultivate a closely related strain to the Japanese cultivar. 相似文献
110.
Masahiro Hosono Shigeki Sugawara Atsushi Matsuda Takeo Tatsuta Yasuhiro Koide Imtiaji Hasan Yasuhiro Ozeki Kazuo Nitta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(5):1559-1572
Rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is one of the animal lectin categories which take part in the innate immune responses of fish. Osmerus lanceolatus lectin (OLL) from shishamo smelt eggs is an RBL composed of two tandem-repeated domains, both of which are considered to be a carbohydrate-recognition domain. SAL, catfish (Silurus asotus) egg RBL composed of three domains, binds to Burkitt’s lymphoma Raji cells through globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) carbohydrate chain and to reduce cell size and growth by altering membrane composition without causing cell death. In this experiment, we tried to compare the binding effects of these two RBLs on Raji cells. Flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that OLL also directly bound to and shrunk Raji cells with ten times less reactivity than SAL but reduced cell growth with decreasing cell viability. Anti-Gb3 antibody completely blocked the binding of SAL to Raji cells but not that of OLL. In addition, the direct bindings of OLL and SAL to Raji cells were comparably inhibited by melibiose, but lactose was more effective inhibitor for the binding of OLL than that of SAL. These results suggest that OLL has slightly different cell-binding property compared with SAL and binds not only to Gb3 but also to the other carbohydrate receptor-bearing β-galactoside chains. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that SAL induced the expression of TNF-α but not of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10. Thus, SAL-induced cytostatic effect on Raji cells might be partially caused by TNF-α-mediated signaling pathway. 相似文献