Research and development of a parallel piezoelectric 4-axis force/torque sensor

This paper proposed a novel parallel piezoelectric four-axis force/torque sensor based on the bottleneck contradictions of elastic style multi-axis wrist force sensor, It introduces the sensor's structure and operating principle and discussed the selection and spatial layout of piezoelectric quartz wafer group.Then it derives the mathematic model of the sensor. The finite element model of the sensor is established, and the prototype of the sensor is manufactured. Finally, it obtains the input and output curve, voltage sensitivity, charge sensitivity and the coupling interference.The results indicate that the sensor has advantages of simple and rational structure, correct mathematic model, nice manufacturability, good linearity, good rigidity, and natural frequency greater than 30 kHz, less than 3% of the interference error without decoupling matrix.These can meet the requirements of sensor design.     

Structure of an HIF-1alpha -pVHL complex: hydroxyproline recognition in signaling

The ubiquitination of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (pVHL) plays a central role in the cellular response to changes in oxygen availability. pVHL binds to HIF only when a conserved proline in HIF is hydroxylated, a modification that is oxygen-dependent. The 1.85 angstrom structure of a 20-residue HIF-1alpha peptide-pVHL-ElonginB-ElonginC complex shows that HIF-1alpha binds to pVHL in an extended beta strand-like conformation. The hydroxyproline inserts into a gap in the pVHL hydrophobic core, at a site that is a hotspot for tumorigenic mutations, with its 4-hydroxyl group recognized by buried serine and histidine residues. Although the beta sheet-like interactions contribute to the stability of the complex, the hydroxyproline contacts are central to the strict specificity characteristic of signaling.     

Human-induced Arctic moistening

The Arctic and northern subpolar regions are critical for climate change. Ice-albedo feedback amplifies warming in the Arctic, and fluctuations of regional fresh water inflow to the Arctic Ocean modulate the deep ocean circulation and thus exert a strong global influence. By comparing observations to simulations from 22 coupled climate models, we find influence from anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols in the space-time pattern of precipitation change over high-latitude land areas north of 55 degrees N during the second half of the 20th century. The human-induced Arctic moistening is consistent with observed increases in Arctic river discharge and freshening of Arctic water masses. This result provides new evidence that human activity has contributed to Arctic hydrological change.     

Storage stability of ascorbic acid incorporated in edible whey protein films

The stability of ascorbic acid (AA) incorporated in whey protein isolate (WPI) film and the related color changes during storage were studied. No significant loss of AA content was found in any films prepared from pH 2.0 casting solution stored at 30% relative humidity (RH) and 22 °C over 84 days. Total visible color difference (ΔE*(ab)) of all films slowly increased over storage time. The ΔE*(ab) values of pH 3.5 films were significantly higher than those of pH 2.0 films. The stability of AA-WPI films was found to be mainly affected by the pH of the film-forming solution and storage temperature. Oxidative degradation of AA-WPI films followed Arrhenius behavior. Reduction of the casting solution pH to below the pK(a1) (4.04 at 25 °C) of AA effectively maintained AA-WPI storage stability by greatly reducing oxidative degradation, whereas anaerobic and nonenzymatic browning were insignificant. The half-life of pH 2.0 AA-WPI film at 30% RH and 22 °C was 520 days.     

Effects of Artemisia annua Extracts on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in vivo,Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in the Rumen and Milk in Dairy Goats

Introduction It has been well established that plant oil or fish oil could enhance cis-9 trans-11CLA content in the ruminant food products.However,it is generally accepted that adding unsaturated fatty acid to ruminant diets may exert negative effects on fiber degradation and rumen microbe populations.For this reason,there is     

Effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium Extract on Fermentation Characteristics and Biohydrogenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in vitro Batch Culture

Introduction Cis-9,trans-11 CLA has been shown to be potentially health-promoting CLA in many animal models.The C18：1 trans-11 fatty acid（VA） is also desirable as a product flowing from the rumen,because the flow from the rumen of VA play a more important role than CLA in determining CLA concentration in animal tissues.     

农艺措施对不同生态环境稻田土壤状况的影响: Ⅱ. 土壤温度的影响

A 21－d incubation experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to study the effects of elevated temperatures(10,25,and 40℃)on some microbiological and biochemical properties in flooded paddy soil amended or unamended with urea at 100μg N g^-1 soil and /or insecticide(triazophos) at field rate(FR).Enhancements in temperature led to increase the electron transport system(ETS)/dehydrogenase activity and phospholipid contents of the soil,while soil organic matter phenol and protein contents decreased with increasing tenperature with or wihtout the addition of inputs.An incerease of temperature from 10℃ to 25 or 40℃ enhanced the ETS activity 2 folds (on avergae for all soils),while the inclusion of N and insecticide increased and decreased it ,respectively,compared to the control.The soil phenol and protein contents were highly correlated with temperatures(for all soils,r=-0.936 and -0.971,respectively)and the additions of N and insecticide produced slight reductions and enhancemetns in them,respectively,At a particular tempeature,the soil protein contents remained unaffected among all the soil treatments.An overall slight increase in phospholipid contents with N and a small decline with insecticide addition were noticed against the untreated soil.the toxcity of fertilizer and insecticide decrased as the incubation temperature increased suggesting faster degradation of agrochemicals with raising temperature.     

Rice Straw-Derived Biochar Properties and Functions as Cu(Ⅱ) and Cyromazine Sorbents as Influenced by Pyrolysis Temperature

In this study, biochars from rice straw(Oryza sativa L.) were prepared at 200–600?C by oxygen-limited pyrolysis to investigate the changes in properties of rice straw biochars produced at different temperatures, and to examine the adsorption capacities of the biochars for a heavy metal, copper(Ⅱ)(Cu(Ⅱ)), and an organic insecticide of cyromazine, as well as to further reveal the adsorption mechanisms.The results obtained with batch experiments showed that the amount of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorbed varied with the pyrolysis temperatures of rice straw biochar. The biochar produced at 400?C had the largest adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ)(0.37 mol kg-1) among the biochars,with the non-electrostatic adsorption as the main adsorption mechanism. The highest adsorption capacity for cyromazine(156.42 g kg-1) was found in the rice straw biochar produced at 600?C, and cyromazine adsorption was exclusively predominated by surface adsorption. An obvious competitive adsorption was found between 5 mmol L-1Cu(II) and 2 g L-1cyromazine when they were in the binary solute system. Biochar may be used to remediate heavy metal- and organic insecticide-contaminated water, while the pyrolysis temperature of feedstocks for producing biochar should be considered for the restoration of multi-contamination.     

A Reference Framework for Information Integrating of CIMS Based on the Object-oriented Method

Based on the object-oriented method,according to the Enterprise model of Information Integrating,by means of the idea of Encapsulation and Inheritance,a common reference framework for Information Integrating of CIMS is presented. This kind of integration is not only used for the share information,but also ready for Function Integrating and the whole construction of CIMS. Moreover,the system developed based on this model can be reused for many times. The developing circle of CIMS can be apparently shortened,too.     

In vivo effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on Eimeria infection in chickens

Poultry coccidiosis is the major parasitic disease of poultry and, until now, no recombinant vaccine has been developed. Short oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents and vaccine adjuvants in mammalian systems. Their use in poultry to protect against intracellular parasites has not been reported to date. The present work investigated the effects of CpG ODN treatment on host susceptibility to Eimeria infection in two chicken strains with different genetic background, SC and TK. The data show that CpG ODN enhanced the birds' resistance to coccidiosis in a normally susceptible chicken strain (TK), as shown by reduced oocyst shedding and improved weight gain. CpG treatment had a differential effect on body weight gains and serum antibody responses, depending on the chicken strain and ODN dose, delivery route, and backbone. This study shows for the first time that CpG ODNs could be used as immunoprotective agents in Eimeria-infected chickens to enhance resistance to the pathogen and improve performance. Future research is needed to optimize their use alone and as vaccine adjuvants that may lead to better and more efficient vaccine applications.