QTL analysis for wheat falling number in a recombinant inbred line population segregated with 1BL/1RS translocation in a rainfed agricultural area of China

Falling number (FN) is an inner quality trait in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ultimately determining the end use of wheat kernels. In this 3-year study, 171 recombinant inbred lines derived from Chuannong17 (a 1BL/1RS tranlocation parent) × Mianyang11 were planted in the Sichuan Basin, a rainfed agricultural area in southwestern China. In this climate, we found that FN had significant differences between 1BL/1RS translocation lines and non-1BL/1RS translocation lines in two of the 3 years and the heavy fluctuation of rainfall and temperature resulted in decreasing FN in grain filling period. We used 191 simple sequence repeats markers to construct a genetic linkage map and then detected 11 additive effect FN quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 6B and 7D, explaining 5.48–31.91% of the phenotypic variance. The FN QTL on chromosomes 4A, 4D and 6B were major or stable and detected at least in 2 years, whereas the Qfn.sicau-3D.1 in 2015 year explained the maximum phenotypic variation (about 31.91%). Furthermore, FN QTLs additive and epistatic effects as well as their interactions with environment were estimated by a mixed linear model approach. We found that the additive effect QTLs had no significant additive × environment interaction, while the paired QTLs had significant additive × additive epistatic effects however none had a significant additive × additive epistasis × environment interaction effect, excluding the paired QTLs Qfn.sicau-3B/Qfn.sicau-5B.     

甜菜苗茎端和薄细胞层的离体培养

在添加营养液的蛭石上培育的甜菜种子苗,用1/2MS+0.5mg~(L-1)BAP或1/2B_5+0.5mgL~(-1)BAP培养基培养幼苗先端部分,切口处7—10天形成愈伤组织占80%,形成小植株占70%。甜菜叶和叶柄的薄细胞层离体培养,用1/2Ms+0.5mgL~(-1)BAP+0.5mgL~(-1)NAA培养基,愈组率高达80%。     

遗传转移的MADI过程

单体附加在小麦细胞中的黑麦染色体,在减数分裂过程中高频率地断裂,破碎和丢失。它们同时引起小麦染色体的断裂和丢失。断裂的黑麦和小麦染色体,以较高频率重新融合形成罗伯逊易位。破碎的黑麦染色体的DNA片段,可以整合在小麦染色体上,完成遗传的转移。本研究发现的这种通过染色体的“单体附加一破碎一整合”过程实现遗传转移的方式,简称为“MADI”(美代)过程,为把外源种质导入栽培植物的研究提供了一种有效的方法。     

抗白粉病基因Pm8在四川小麦中遗传表达初步研究

用Ｇｉｅｍｓａ－Ｃ带技术鉴定了４８个含１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体的小麦材料，并对其抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ８的遗传表达进行了初步研究。用对Ｐｍ８非毒性的小麦白粉菌系接种这些品系，结果表明：２１个小麦品系１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体上的抗白粉病基因Ｐｍ８未表达，２４个具有Ｐｍ８抗性，３个品系可能含有除Ｐｍ８外的其它基因或组合。我们认为，在四川小麦中的含１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体的品种（系）中Ｐｍ８基因的不表达也是白粉病流行的重要原因，在利用１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ染色体于四川小麦高产育种中应注重其抗病性，并发掘新的抗白粉病资源有重要的现实意义。     

一个改良的染色体C带技术

本文详细地描述了作者改良的Ｃ带技术。这一改良的技术的特点是：１．利用自制的一套种子发芽装置和改良的发芽程序，制备健壮的富含分裂相的根尖材料；２．改良的染色体标本制备和压片技术；３．控制氢氧化钡饱和溶液处理强度；４．使用Ｇｉｅｍｓａ和Ｌｅｉｓｈｍａｎ染色剂均可获得满意的效果。使用这一改良的技术，可以达到鉴定分离群体中单个植株Ｃ带核型的水平，从而为细胞遗传学和染色体工程的研究提供了一个有力的方法。文中还讨论了如何在分带研究中完全使用国产试剂的问题。     

家蚕春用品种莲·花、天·都的育成及其一代杂交种的选配

采用杂交、定向培育、系统选择等方法，历经７年育成了多丝量、丝质优良的中系莲（中３）、花（中８）及日系天（日３）、都（日８），组配成四元杂交种莲·花×天·都（中３·８×日３·８）。经多次鉴定、中试表明：该杂交组合强健好养，茧层率２５％，茧丝长１３６６ｍ，解舒丝长１１２０ｍ，鲜毛茧出丝率２０．８１％，净度９６分，茧丝纤度偏差０．５６３ｄｔｅｘ，繁育系数较高。适合我国华东蚕区词养。     

小麦-黑麦远缘杂交后代高分子麦谷蛋白亚基变异分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE) 方法, 分析了小麦-黑麦远缘杂交后代的66个株系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS) 组成.结果表明:(1)在29个母本为MY 11的株系中,有6个株系的Glu-1等位基因相对于母本MY 11发生了变异,1 B/1 R易位系中Glu-1位点发生变异的频率为66.67%,非1 B/1 R易位系中Glu-1位点发生变异的频率为8.69%.在36个母本为A 42912株系中,3个株系的Glu-1等位基因发生变异且这3个株系皆为1 B/1 R易位系,1 B/1 R易位系中Glu-1位点发生变异的频率为60.0%,非1 B/1 R易位系Glu-1位点没有变异;(2)对于母本为MY 11的株系,Glu-1三个位点上等位基因的变异均只有2种,即Glu-A 1 a(86.20%)、Glu-A 1 c(13.79%)、Glu-B 1 b(89.65%)、Glu-B 1 c(10.34%)、Glu-D 1 a(3.45%)、Glu-D 1 d(96.55%).对于母本为A 42912的株系,仅在Glu-B 1位点发生变异,即Glu-B 1 b(91.66%)、Glu-B 1 c(8.33%);(3)供试株系共出现6种高分子谷蛋白亚基组合,即(1,7 8,5 10)、(Null,7 8,5 10)、(Null,7 9,5 10)、(Null,7 8,2 12)、(1,7 8,5 10)、(1,7 9,5 10),两种母本不同的株系类型均是母本型HMW-GS组合(1,7 8,5 10)占绝对优势.本文分析了1 B/1 R易位株系具有高频率HMW-GS变异的原因,并就这些材料在小麦优质育种中的利用策略作了探讨.     

Identification and chromosomal locations of novel genes for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust in a wheat line 101-3

Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici) and Puccinia striiformis Westend., respectively, are two important fungal diseases of wheat in many regions in the world that cause significant annual yield losses. In the present study, a dominant powdery mildew and a dominant stripe rust resistance gene in wheat line 101-3 which derived from the progenies of the wide cross between common wheat and Dasypyrum villosum Candary L., was located on chromosome 6B and 1B, respectively, by monosomic analyses. The two genes are different from known resistance genes on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rusts, suggesting that the two genes might be novel resistance genes for powdery mildew and stripe rust, respectively. It is uncertain whether the two genes are allelic or lined with other resistance genes located on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rust. Further allelism tests are necessary to determine the relationships between the resistance gene and other genes located on chromosome 6B for powdery mildew and 1B for stripe rust through molecular markers.     

异氰酸酯生产轻质刨花板的研究

采用东北主要阔叶混合树种和聚氨酯类胶粘剂在常规刨花板生产设备的条件下研究制造轻质刨花板通过水发泡型聚氨酯预聚体中的异氰酸基与水反应形成泡沫，填充刨花间隙，将蚀花牢固结合在一起，以获得高耐水性，高强度，低厚度膨胀率和低毒的轻质刨花板。     

家蚕春用品种皖5、皖6的育成

采用杂交育种方法，育成了优质多丝量春用家蚕品种皖５、皖６，组配成杂交种。经多次鉴定和农村试养及繁育结果表明，该品种强健好养，制种性能好，茧丝品质优良，茧形大而匀整，综合经济性状好。茧层率２５５４％，鲜毛茧出丝率２０３５％，解舒丝长１１０３ｍ，净度９７１７分，是缫制高品位生丝的优质原料茧。