影响奶牛初乳产量的因素探讨

奶牛初乳是指母牛分娩后7天内所分泌的乳汁。初乳中不仅含丰富的营养物质，而且含有大量的免疫因子，因此具有促进生长发育、改善胃肠道功能、增进免疫调节、延缓衰老、抵御疾病等作用，是人类功能性保健食品的重要基料。初乳及其制品被誉为天然、完美、完全、廉价的“21世纪保健食品”。我国有奶牛和改良牛426.5万头(1998)，初乳资源十分丰富，但迄今对初乳产量及其影响因素尚未见有报道，于是对此问题我们在新疆乌鲁木齐五一奶牛场进行了初步探讨。1材料收集整理原始产奶记录和产犊记录取自该场1965年至1997年资料，全都为舍饲中国荷斯坦…     

Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Components of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought-tolerant hybrid.     

"北繁南育"发展现代畜牧业

从黑龙江的黑河至云南的腾冲是我国人口地理线,这条线的北方是我国以畜牧业为主的地区,近年来由于超载过牧和气候干旱,该地区的草地“三化”面积不断扩大,造成生态环境恶化、单位畜产品产量下降,影响了广大牧民的增收;而人口地理线的南方饲料资源丰富,每年数以亿吨秸秆资源有待于充分利用,而且秋冬季节气温适宜,有利于牛羊育肥。为此,充分利用北方繁殖母畜基数大的优势和夏季水草充足的优势生产架子牛、羊,秋冬季节充分利用南方气候、饲料、秸秆和劳动力的优势进行架子牛、羊的短期育肥,生产符合国际市场需要的优质、绿色肉食品。通过“北繁南育”,可有效解决我国北方生态环境恶化、畜产品质量下降、农牧民增收难的状况,加速我国传统草原畜牧业向现代草原畜牧业迈进的步伐。     

表面技术在内燃机气缸套中的新进展

论述了气缸套的失效机理，针对这一缺点，较全面地阐述了当前表面技术在气缸套上的应用现状，并提出了未来气缸套的发展方向。为同行提供了参考和启迪，也为拓宽热喷涂技术的应用指明了一个方向。     

Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.     

中南林学院竹类研究及其竹产品开发

竹林是世界上第二大森林，它不仅再生能力强，生长迅速、成材期短、产量高，而且具有一次造林永续利用等优点，是当今保护生态环境、退耕还林（草）首选的林种。通过近些年的研究发现，它的价值不仅仅体现在山区绿化和水土保持，而且从传统的编筐织席到现在的竹、木复合板材的加工利用以及与竹笋等有关的食品、饮料的综合开发，它已经成为不少地区广大林农的一大经济支柱和经济来源。     

黄河中游水土保持措施保存率分析及措施状况评述──以黄河河龙区间南片为例

本文以土地详查、淤地坝普查成果为基本依据，结合典型调查，研究分析了河龙区间南片水土保持各项措施的保存率，认为在空间尺度上，分行政区给出的保存率较为真实的反映了社会环境、自然环境因素的相对作用程度及其主导关系，且有实际应用意义，据此文中进一步核实评述了该区水保措施的保存面积、措施结构及质量等。该区水保措施的状况在黄河中游干旱半干旱地区具有广泛的代表性，分析结果可作为水沙分析、水保规划、土地资源与环境评价等工作的重要参考依据。     

科尔沁沙地差巴嘎蒿——杂类草群落结构、功能的沙漠化演变特征

研究结果表明：在沙漠化发展过程中，差巴嘎蒿－－杂类草群落（1）首先是植物种组成数量和密度大幅度减少，继而植被盖度和地上生物量急剧下降，四项指标受沙漠化影响的强弱顺序是密度＞植物种数量＞工＞地上生物量；（2）结构趋于简单，功能逐渐消退，优势种或亚优势种发生更替，群落最终变性；（3）沙漠化演变既有连续性又有间断性，随着沙漠化的加剧，其连续性变弱，间断性增强，变幅增大；（4）轻度沙漠化时群落稳定性最高，严重沙漠化可导致其稳定性迅速破坏；（5）对沙漠化的危害，表现出一定的时滞效应和自我适应调节能力，这两个问题有等于进一步研究。     

依饶公路内业工作的自我评述

本文作者概述依饶公路内业工作的完成过程。