Mitochondrial DNA deletion of the brain tissue of aged rats with learning and memory deficit

AIM and METHODS: The ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion was measured to find the relationship between mtDNA deletion and aged learning and memory deficit. The aged rats were divided into two groups, aged learning and memory deficit group and aged learning and memory normal group. The ratio of mtDNA deletion was measured by dilution polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There are deleted mtDNA (about 4834 bp) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of both young and aged rats. The ratios of deleted mtDNA were similar in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebellum of young rats (about 0.00018%). The ratio mtDNA of aged learning and memory normal rats had increased by five-fold in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, or one-fold in the cerebellum over young rats. The ratio of aged learning and memory dificit rats had increased by one-fold in the cerebral cortex or 0.8-fold in the hippocampus or two-fold in the cerebellum over aged learning and memory normal rats.CONCLUSIONS: There was really the increase of mtDNA in aging rat brain. And this increase was double in amount in aged learning and memory deficit rats compared to the normal learning and memory aged rats. It is suggested that the mtDNA deletions in the brain regions associated with learning and memory may be contributed to the cellular and molecular mechanism of learning and memory deicit with aged rats.     

Changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

AIM and METHODS: To study the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its significance. Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. MI was produced by left coronary arterial ligation in 80 animals, and eight rats undergoing thoracotomy but not coronary ligation served as controls (sham).Blood samples were drawn from the right atrium before (sham animals) and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after MI(n=8, respectively). Serum VEGF concentrations were measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for VEGF. RESULTS: In 8 sham animals, the concentration of serum VEGF was (66.99±17.83) pg/mL. Six hours after MI, the level of serum VEGF significantly increased to (125.68±28.07)pg/mL (P＜0.01 vs sham control), and reached a peak (240.61±70.63 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control) at 24 hours after ligation and then decreased gradually over the remaining 2 weeks. But the level remained significantly elevated for 14 days (107.64±30.31 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control).CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels markedly and permanently increase in the rat model of acute MI may play an important role in the angiogenesis associated with MI     

CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

秸秆分解剂处理秸秆饲喂小尾寒羊效果研究

试验选用40只2.5岁左右的小尾寒羊羯羊作为试验动物,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20只,进行饲养试验,对照组饲喂试验场现行日粮,试验组饲喂用秸秆分解剂处理的秸秆,预试期4 d,正试期28 d.结果表明:经秸秆分解剂处理后玉米秸秆营养成分中的OM和CP有所增加,NDF和ADF有所降低,试验组羊只的累计平均日增体质量较对照组提高42.7%,差异显著(P<0.05),经济效益较好.     

TMDL计划与小流域污染综合治理思路的研究-以南水北调东线山东段治污为例

为了不断完善小流域污染综合治理思路,进一步推进水污染治理工作,对TMDL计划进行了介绍,并在治理思路、总量分配方法及总量分配公平性、合理性等多个方面与小流域污染综合治理思路进行比较,找出差异,吸收其有益的思路和措施。通过比较得出:①小流域污染综合治理和TMDL计划在思路上是一致的,但在总量分配及分配的公平性、水质目标可达性的保证率等方面存在着一定差异;②TMDL计划中的诸多措施可为小流域污染综合治理所吸收借鉴,并以此为基础对完善小流域综合治理提出了诸多合理的建议。     

匈牙利小麦育种

简述了匈牙利小麦生产情况,重点介绍了匈牙利科学院农业研究所的小麦育种机构、育种方法、育种成就以及生物技术在小麦育种中的应用。     

植物检疫隔离温室的研究与开发

针对我国进出口植物快速增长而植物检疫隔离设施总体水平落后、环境控制功能弱的现状,在多年设计、推广温室设施的基础上,根据国情进行了植物检疫隔离温室的研究与开发。该温室根据植物生理学特性及生长特性进行设计,确保了植物检疫的准确性和有效性。其主要用于进出口植物的检疫,也可用于一些对环境要求极为苛刻植物的种植,对保障我国农产品优质、安全生产及工厂化高效农业的健康发展具有重要意义.     

稻瘟菌糖原合成酶激酶MoGSK3功能探究

【目的】观测稻瘟菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）糖原合成酶激酶基因MoGSK3敲除突变体表型,明确MoGSK3在稻瘟菌中的潜在生物学功能,为挖掘防治稻瘟菌新型药剂的潜在靶标提供参考。【方法】基于同源重组原理,用split-PCR方法获得稻瘟菌MoGSK3敲除突变体菌株,将MoGSK3基因克隆到pFL2载体上得到MoGSK3-C融合载体,并将其通过PEG介导的原生质体转化法导入MoGSK3突变体中得到回补菌株。培养观察野生型菌株Guy11、突变体菌株G3-9及回补菌株GC-1的菌落形态和生长状况,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测稻瘟菌产孢相关基因的表达量;观察稻瘟菌不同菌株的分生孢子形态,通过附着胞洋葱表皮穿透试验及接种水稻叶片,研究其致病力;通过KI-I-2染色对野生型菌株Guy11及突变体菌株G3-9分生孢子和附着胞中的糖原运输能力进行观测。【结果】稻瘟菌MoGSK3突变体存在多个表型缺陷,与野生型菌株Guy11相比,MoGSK3突变体菌株G3-9菌落直径显著变小,生长缓慢,产孢相关基因表达量下降且分生孢子出现末端伸长畸形的状态。MoGSK3基因缺失还会导致稻瘟菌菌丝末端无法形成正常的分生孢子梗,附着胞无法穿透洋葱表皮形成侵染菌丝,接种划伤水稻叶片也无法形成褐色病斑。对MoGSK3突变体菌株G3-9分生孢子及附着胞进行糖原染色后发现,突变体菌株G3-9在糖原转运能力方面存在明显缺陷。【结论】MoGSK3基因参与稻瘟菌的生长、分生孢子形成及形态建成、侵染、糖原转运等过程,是稻瘟菌重要的毒力因子。     

滇池王家庄湖滨带人工湿地农业径流中磷去除的干湿季节性规律

王家庄人工湿地(面积12 000 m2)位于云南滇池东岸呈贡县,湿地进水来自5条农业区汇水干渠,经矩形堰均匀布水后流过湿地。湿地于2002年8月起运行,初期优势植物为茭草(Zizania latifolia)、芦苇(Phragmites communis Trin)、莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和水芋(Calla palustris),7个月后,莲藕完全被水花生所替代。采用现场采样及室内分析的方法,研究了湿地对农业径流中磷去除的季节性规律。结果表明,2002年10月至2004年6月,湿地具有良好的拦截进水磷的能力,有效降低了农业区农业径流对滇池的污染。进水总磷(TP)负荷为241(旱季,每年10月至翌年4月)和199(雨季,每年5月至9月)g.hm-.2d-1,TP浓度为0.04￣3.21(旱季)和0.00￣1.44(雨季)mg.L-1。出水TP浓度沿程1/3处为0.03￣0.49(旱季,每年11月至翌年4月)和0.03￣0.71(雨季,每年5月至10月)mg.L-1,沿程2/3处为0.00￣0.68(旱季)和0.00￣0.73(雨季)mg.L-1。TP去除率沿程1/3处为-73.7%￣82.8%(旱季)和-215%￣79.3%(雨季),沿程2/3处为-367%￣100%(旱季)和-262%￣93.1%(雨季)。受雨水稀释和停留时间变短的影响,雨季的TP去除率低于旱季。受滇池水位和湿地出水水位的影响,旱季时湿地TP的去除呈现“V”字型规律,雨季时湿地TP去除率沿程降低。总体而言,来水中的磷、有机质和速效铁以沿程逐渐降低的方式分布于湿地表层土壤中。秋末冬初时(每年11月至12月),菖蒲的含水率和生物量(鲜重)均比春季(每年3月至5月)的低,而生物量(干重)比春季的高。菖蒲从11月到12月仍在生长发育。     

基于GF-6/WFV卫星遥感的大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量估测

为对大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量（LNC）进行快速、准确及无损监测,通过在江苏省泰州泰兴市、盐城大丰区和南通如皋市布设冬小麦遥感监测大田试验,在获取试验样点冬小麦冠层红光波段反射率（RED_ref）、近红外波段反射率（NIR_ref）和计算的十个光谱指数（RVI、NDVI、DVI、SAVI、OSAVI、MSR、RDVI、EVI2、NLI和SVI）基础上,将12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC进行相关分析,选出与LNC相关性较好的作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型, 并利用GF-6/WFV卫星遥感影像对县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布开展监测。结果表明,12个遥感光谱指标与冬小麦LNC之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中NDVI、RVI、MSR、OSAVI和NLI与冬小麦LNC的相关性较好（相关系数不低于0.65）。将优选的5个遥感光谱指标作为模型输入变量,构建基于BP神经网络的冬小麦LNC估测模型（LNC-BPEM）,模型的估测精度r²=0.866,RMSE=0.246%,ARE=12.9%。将冬小麦LNC-BPEM估测模型和GF-6/WFV影像结合对县域冬小麦LNC的空间信息监测,获得了如皋县域冬小麦LNC的空间分布特征,该区域冬小麦LNC范围在0.9%~2.0%（长势正常）的种植面积为29 693.3 hm²,占冬小麦总种植面积的74%。这说明利用GF-6/WFV卫星的多个遥感光谱指标与神经网络结合建模可有效估测县域大田冬小麦叶片氮素含量。