福建滨海沙地造林树种的适应性与选择研究

对不同树种滨海沙地适生性进行测定 ,不仅可以筛选出适宜于在不同滨海沙地的树种 ,丰富滨海防护林的树种资源 ,同时 ,也是防护林生态系统管理的要求。本文通过对各树种在不同滨海沙地立地上的成活率 (或保存率 )、生长量和抗风性的比较 ,筛选出适宜在福建东南滨海后沿沙地上栽植的树种有巨尾桉、刚果1 2 #桉、厚荚相思、纹荚相思和马占相思等 5个树种 ;较适宜的树种有山地木麻黄、柠檬桉、大叶相思、湿地松等 1 0个树种 ;适宜于木麻黄基干林带更新改造的树种有木麻黄无性系 70 1 #、60 1 #、厚荚相思等 3个树种 ,较适宜的树种为刚果 1 2 #桉 ,但建议慎重使用 ;适宜于前沿有少量稀疏木麻黄老林带保护的风口沙地立地上造林的树种有厚荚相思 ,较适宜的树种有纹荚相思和马占相思等 2个树种 ;适宜于滨海风口沙地立地上造林的树种有木麻黄惠安 1号无性系和木麻黄澳大利亚种源C3 8,具有一定潜力但尚需做进一步观察的树种有短枝木麻黄、木麻黄澳大利亚 1 5 1 98种源、木麻黄无性系 70 1 #和细枝木麻黄。     

The preliminary study on juvenile-mature correlation ofPinus koraiensis

Through studying seven analytic trees from two stands ofPinus koraiensis artificial forests, the results show that the individual variation coefficient of tree heigh, dbh and volume decreases with age increasing after age of 25. Age of 25 is the age that difference of individual growth is from acute difference to comparatively stability. The optimum selection age is 25a forPinus koraiensis’s artificial forests according to the analysis of juvenile-mature correlation, and early selection efficiency. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

试论火与兴安落叶松种子发芽条件的关系

兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)自然分布区大兴安岭的立地条件和种子发芽条件的特殊性,导致了兴安落叶松天然更新的特殊性。瘠薄的棕色针叶林土,生长季短、冬季漫长以及土壤表层较厚的死地被物层增加了天然更新的难度。然而兴安落叶松的天然更新效果却是令人满意的。兴安落叶松在母树林冠下更新良好,只是在某些林型如草类落叶松林的成熟林冠下更新不良;而在3—10年的择伐迹地和火烧迹地上平均每公顷有13500株幼树。大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松火烧迹地天然更新良好的奥秘何在?火灾后兴安落叶松的种子发芽条件如何?火灾在这方面的作用是什么?作者从天然更新的关键之一——种子     

Effects of density and resin content on the physical and mechanical properties of scrimber manufactured from mulberry branches

The silk industry in China produces a large amount of mulberry branches as by-product every year. Mulberry branches have high longitudinal toughness and good overall mechanical properties. However, these branches are incinerated because their utility in other industries is limited by their small size. This study determines the feasibility of manufacturing scrimber from mulberry branches by using cold pressing method, followed by thermo-curing with different densities and resin contents. Results show that density [ranging from (0.81–1.24) g/cm³] exerts a greater effect on the shear strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) than resin content (changing from 8 to 20 %). The increase rate slows down when the density exceeds 1.1 g/cm³ and the resin content reaches more than 12 %. The strength-to-weight ratio analysis shows that the MOR/density and MOE/density maximum at 1.02–1.10 g/cm³. The density and resin contents of mulberry scrimber with cold compress and heat setting can be set to 1.0–1.1 g/cm³ and at approximately 12 %, respectively. The mechanical properties of the product meet the maximum requirement indicated in the Chinese national standard for construction. Mulberry scrimber can be a very promising supplement for wood because of its good performance, abundant supply, and renewability.     

关注林权:中国集体林政策研究国际研讨会综述

公共资源面对的挑战、风险与机遇受到国际社会的关注。文章以“国际公共资源研究协会第十届大会”为背景,对中国集体林研究课题的成果、相关国际会议内容及专家发言作了介绍。研究成果主要形成8个专题报告,国际会议分“中国集体林政策和法律框架的总体回顾”和“中国集体林与生态保护、公司 社区模式”两个部分展开,并形成了5点结论。     

速生人工林桉树木材材色处理初步研究

试验用漂白剂、酸性染料和其他化学药剂,采用单纯漂白、单纯染色、先漂白再染色和化学着色等4种不同的方案对人工林桉树木材进行材色改良处理研究.结果发现:单纯漂白可获得一定的材色改良效果;硫化物类、过硫酸铵类的药剂配方漂白效果不明显;硼氢化钠类的药剂配方可得到一定的漂白效果;双氧水类、次氯酸钠类的药剂配方可得到很好的漂白效果.单纯染色比较难获得好的材色处理效果.采用先漂白后染色的方法,获得的材色过于鲜艳.采用化学着色的方法,可获得较理想的材色改良效果;草酸类药剂配方着色效果明显,可消除材色缺陷,根据不同的配方和处理工艺可获得从浅粉红色到红棕色的色调;用双氧水做活性剂,引入带发色团的化学药剂,材色改良效果明显,通过调整配方药品的浓度和处理工艺可获得从浅黄色到橙黄色的不同色调和较佳的材质.     

武汉地区引种灯台树栽培技术与速生因素研究

通过20a3次引种珍稀灯台树,证明灯台树在武汉地区引种成功,且生长迅速。当年苗期平均高生长达89cm。大树年平均高生长达1·2m,胸径1·12cm,大大超过桢楠、紫楠、白玉兰等其他珍稀种,很有开发利用价值。     

Effects of closing mountain for forest restoration in the watershed of Miyun reservoir,Beijing

The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closurearea in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.1-0.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.     

木质复合材料研究概况

新型木质复合材料可缓解由于我国现有林木资源总量不足和森林资源质量不高而形成的资源危机,所以木质复合材料将是新世纪人们关注和研究的重点领域。     

基于ANSYS的稻草/PS层合复合材料保温性能仿真分析

采用稻草板与聚苯乙烯泡沫板复合作为复合墙体的保温材料,利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟冬季条件下热量由室内通过该保温材料向室外的传递.通过单因素试验分析当P、S分别变化时,1型、2型、3型复合材料的温度场分布、导热系数和热流密度的改变;经过4因素7水平的均匀试验,分析当P、S同时变化时,2型和3型复合材料的保温性能相似;同时对复合材料的保温性能作出预测.稻草/PS层合复合材料保温性能的实际检测结果是1型复合材料的热阻为0.20,2型和3型复合材料的热阻相同,为1.13 m2·(K·W-1),这与有限元分析的结果一致,表明ANSYS有限元法对于稻草/PS层合复合材料保温性能仿真分析具有一定的实际应用价值.