小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。     

早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究

以库尔勒香梨为母本,早酥梨为父本,有性杂交选育成新梨７号品种。该品种同时兼备优质、早熟与耐贮藏性;该品种遗传了父本的早熟性,比父本更早熟１５~２０ｄ,盛花期~果实可食期约８０~９５ｄ,属于早熟品种;且遗传了母本品质性状的质地酥脆、耐贮、清香、阳面红晕,比母本果个大,果心小。果柄木质化,丰产抗风。新梨７号果实贮藏期的可溶性固形物、果实重量、果实硬度和果实前期腐烂率的变化与库尔勒香梨基本相似,但耐热能力高于母本。凡适宜香梨、早酥、苹果梨和巴梨种植的地区,都适宜该品种的种植。     

杏花器官组织抗寒性研究

通过人工模拟霜害试验,研究了杏花抗寒性与花器官组织结构的关系,并统计了冻害率。结果表明:4个仁用杏品种的抗寒性由强到弱为优一、白玉扁、一窝蜂、龙王帽;在同一朵花中,抗寒性强弱为花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;未接种冰核细菌的花比接菌的抗寒性强。-3℃低温处理后,各品种的子房显微结构均受到不同程度的破坏。     

葡萄贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

葡萄是我国五大水果之一,其贮藏保鲜对我国葡萄产业的发展至关重要。从葡萄采收期、贮藏温度、冷藏、冰温贮藏、辐照处理、保鲜剂应用、气调贮藏等几个方面对生产与研究中葡萄贮藏保鲜技术进行了比较与分析,总结出系统的葡萄贮藏保鲜技术及葡萄贮藏保鲜的研究现状与发展方向,为葡萄的贮藏保鲜研究与生产应用提供借鉴。     

Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis

Landscape ecology has made tremendous progress in recent decades, but as a rapidly developing discipline it is faced with new problems and challenges. To identify the key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology, a special session entitled “Top 10 List for Landscape Ecology in the 21st Century” was organized at the 16th Annual Symposium of the US Regional Association of International Association of Landscape Ecology, held at Arizona State University (Tempe, Arizona, USA) during April 25–29, 2001. A group of leading landscape ecologists were invited to present their views. This paper is intended to be a synthesis, but not necessarily a consensus, of the special session. We have organized the diverse and wide-ranging perspectives into six general key issues and 10 priority research topics. The key issues are: (1) interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity, (2) integration between basic research and applications,(3) Conceptual and theoretical development, (4) education and training, (5)international scholarly communication and collaborations, and (6) outreach and communication with the public and decision makers. The top 10 research topics are: (1) ecological flows in landscape mosaics, (2) causes, processes, and consequences of land use and land cover change, (3) nonlinear dynamics and landscape complexity, (4) scaling, (5) methodological development, (6) relating landscape metrics to ecological processes, (7) integrating humans and their activities into landscape ecology, (8) optimization of landscape pattern, (9)landscape sustainability, and (10) data acquisition and accuracy assessment. We emphasize that, although this synthesis was based on the presentations at the“Top 10 List” session, it is not a document that has been agreed upon by each and every participant. Rather, we believe that it is reflective of the broad-scale vision of the collective as to where landscape ecology is now and where it may be going in future. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

醋栗优良品种——坠玉

 ‘坠玉’醋栗品种是从美国引进品种中筛选出的优良品种。该品种果实大, 品质好, 果梗较长, 采摘容易, 生长势强, 抗白粉病能力强, 对醋栗叶斑病感病极轻, 丰产稳产, 可在东北地区推广。     

七种寄主植物对烟粉虱生长发育、存活和增殖的影响

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一种世界性的经济作物重要害虫,近几年在我国南方及河北、山东、北京、天津等地已发展为主要害虫。国外对其生物型、生物学、种群动态和防治技术已有较多的研究,我国相关研究报道较少。作者研究25℃下烟粉虱在七种寄主植物上的生长发育、存活及增殖情况,试图为制定综合防治策略提供参考。     

影响菜心游离小孢子培养的因素

对影响菜心游离小孢子培养诱导胚状体的主要因素如基因型、花序低温预处理、高温起始培养和培养基进行了研究，结果表明，基因型对小孢子培养起着决定性的作用，不同材料之间，诱导频率差异显著；低温预处理幼花序可明显提高小孢子胚状体的诱导率，培养基中加入活性炭可改善胚的分化，高温预培养促进胚状体诱导。     

广东优质籼稻抗稻瘟病育种研究进展

通过对广东优质籼稻品种抗瘟性研究、抗病品种的系谱分析以及抗病育种实践的回顾，综述了广东优质稻抗性育种历史及现状，剖析了优质稻抗瘟育种存在的问题及相应对策。提出开发利用不同稻作系统的抗病资源，构建遗传多样性丰富的抗病优质种质，延长品种抗性寿命及解决品种优质与抗病的矛盾。     

一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。