不同施肥模式和投入水平对甘蔗产量影响及效益分析

随着近年来肥料和劳力价格的不断上升,为了降低糖料蔗的生产成本,提高种蔗经济效益,本文进行按每亩投入施肥量为250元、300元、350元、400元四种不同水平以两次和多次施肥方法的田间试验,本试验结果表明,以每亩投入350元肥料款,下足基肥和一次追肥的施肥方法获得10513kg/667m2较高的产量和最好的经济效益,肥料用款400元/亩的高投入和4次施肥方法,虽然可获得11173kg/667m2的最高产量,但施肥花费劳动力成本增加较大,沒有获得最好的经济效益。     

Influence of soil factors on the soil enzyme inhibition by Cd

A comparative study was conducted on the toxicity of Cd to alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in 18 top soils with contrasting soil properties representative of 14 major soil types in China. Soil pH and carbonate content, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) largely affected the Cd toxicity on two enzyme activities; with the soil pH having only minor effect on the median ecological dose values based on total Cd concentrations (ED_{50 T}). The values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} (based on water-soluble Cd content) of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were strongly influenced by pH and CEC contents, which explained up to 71% of the variation for alkaline phosphatase, 82% of the variation for dehydrogenase, and also were significantly correlated with the parameter K_F derived from Freundlich adsorption isotherms. This study suggests that the values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} could be useful to evaluate the buffer capacity of soils which protects soil enzymes from harmful effects of heavy metal.     

海岸带风口沙地提高木麻黄造林效果的研究

自１９９８年５月以来，在福建省惠安县赤湖林场和东山县赤山林场木麻黄基干林带前沿风口干旱沙地，进行提高木麻黄造要效果配套技术研究。经２年试验研究，在分析风口困难立地造林失败主要原因基础上，从木麻黄抗逆品系选择应用，因地制宜确定造林方式，采用深挖整地、放客土、拌泥浆、提早造林季节、选择大雨天冒雨造林、大苗深栽等抗旱造林配套技术以及旱季培土抚育保墒、浇水保苗和筑沙堤设风障防潮防风工程措施相结合的造林方法     

籼型三系不育系丰源A的选育

丰源Ａ由湖南杂交水稻研究中心与广西钟山县种子公司合作育成，于１９９８年通过湖南省科委鉴定，是一个育性稳定、配合力强、异交结实率高、米质较优、抗逆性较强的籼型三系不育系     

湖南省普通高校生均成本的探讨Ⅰ.生均成本现状的调查与分析

为了解湖南省高等教育经费投入与高校生均支出成本之间的关系,对1985,1993,1994和1995年4个年度湖南省属8所高等学校的生均支出成本和办学条件等基本情况进行了调查和分析.结果表明,在1985～1994年年间,湖南省高等学校得到了较快发展,规模效益也有了明显提高.但是,由于政府对高等教育的投入不能满足办学的需要,加之本科办学规模扩大过快,导致了本科院校办学条件的逐年下降.     

棉蚜对溴氰菊酯不敏感性与水解酶的变化初探

本文采用生物测定和生物化学方法就棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)在不同地区不同时期对溴氰菊酯不敏感性与水解酶的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明:新乡地区棉蚜对溴氰菊酯存在高倍不敏感性。同一地区,蕾铃期棉蚜不敏感性高于苗期棉蚜。在离体条件下,棉蚜羧酸酯酶的活力随着棉蚜对溴氰菊酯不敏感性增加而增加。磷酸酯酶活性变化则不显著。     

甘肃省干旱半干旱地区降水的研究

本文通过对甘肃省降水资料的具体分析,指出了在干旱、半干旱地区降水的主要特征,如暴雨的特殊性、固体降水与海拔关系、降水量与海拔关系、降水量与作物产量关系等,并对如何提高降水利用率,发展农业生产等问题进行了探讨。     

Cuticular penetration of 2,4-D as affected by interaction between a diethylene glycol monooleate surfactant and apple leaf cuticles

Impacts of pH and sorption-desorption of ‘Pegosperse’ 100-O (PEG. 100-O; diethylene glycol monooleate, containing 15% diester) surfactant by apple (Malus pumila M.) leaf cuticles on surfactant-enhanced cuticular penetration of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were studied. Glass cylinders were affixed to enzymatically isolated adaxial apple leaf cuticles after the cuticle segments had been soaked in 10 ml liter^?1 PEG 100-O solution and washed for 20 and 120 min, respectively. Quantities of [¹⁴C]2,4-D in the glass-cuticle chambers passing through the cuticles at pH values from 1 to 6 5 were determined. PEG 100-O significantly increased cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4-D at pH 4–5; the surfactant had no effect on penetration of undissociated 2,4-D at pH 10. Surfactant-enhanced penetration of 2,4-D occurred only when the surfactant was in the cuticles, while the process of surfactant sorption-desorption alone had no effect on penetration. These results support a ‘hydrophilic channel’ hypothesis, i.e. that surfactants may create hydrophilic channels or increase the area of the channels in the cuticle and, consequently, enhance the passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4-D through the cuticle.     

草莓灰霉病菌的培养、毒素提取及生物测定

 草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Persoon)在25℃、pH3~4的Peberdy培养基中生长良好,并可产生引起草莓愈伤组织细胞死亡的毒素。产生毒素的高峰期为静置培养20天。灰霉菌发酵液中的毒素可用氯仿进行提取,经提取后的毒素液在269nm处有吸收峰。本研究建立了利用草莓愈伤组织细胞的荧光活性测定毒力的方法。     

水稻紫杆病植株体内若干生物化学变化

本试验供试水稻样品的采集田,系经采用塔氏器Tullgren apparatus烤螨法;50％乙醇浸泡法和直接剥检法等检查证实,其叶鞘内侧不存在趺线螨Tarsonemus spp.或狭趺线螨Steneotarsonemus spp.为害,而且在其典型的水稻紫杆病株上,能分离到Acrocylindrium sp.等病原真菌。这些病,健株体内多种有机物成分的测定揭示,水稻紫杆病株体内有机物含量的改变,也呈现一般侵染性病害共有的若干病理现象。所测水稻紫杆病植株,其体内多种游离氨基酸,例如亮氨酸Leu、异亮氨酸Ile、苯丙氨酸Phe、缬氨酸Val、酪氨酸Tyr、丙氨酸Ala、谷氨酸Glu、丝氨酸Set、门冬氨酸Asp、门冬酰氨Ash、组氨酸His等11种氨基酸的含量普遍减少;而可溶性糖、糖苷酯、脂肪酸、木质素、多酚类等有机物含量普遍增加。其中以游离氨基酸的减少、木质素和脂肪酸的增加,尤为显著。试验结果对水稻紫杆病的病原性质及品种抗病性的可能机制,提供相关依据。