Development and Characterization of Novel Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for Tapinoma indicum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Tapinoma indicum (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a nuisance pest in Asia countries. However, studies on T. indicum are limited, especially in the field of molecular biology, to investigate the species characteristic at the molecular level. This paper aims to provide valuable genetic markers as tools with which to study the T. indicum population. In this study, a total of 143,998 microsatellite markers were developed based on the 2.61 × 10⁶ microsatellites isolated from T. indicum genomic DNA sequences. Fifty selected microsatellite markers were amplified with varying numbers of alleles ranging from 0 to 19. Seven out of fifty microsatellite markers were characterized for polymorphism with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. All seven microsatellite markers demonstrated a high polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranging from 0.87 to 0.93, with a mean value of 0.90. There is no evidence of scoring errors caused by stutter peaks, no large allele dropout, and no linkage disequilibrium among the seven loci; although loci Ti-Tr04, Ti-Tr09, Ti-Te04, Ti-Te13, and Ti-Pe5 showed signs of null alleles and deviation from the HWE due to excessive homozygosity. In conclusion, a significant amount of microsatellite markers was developed from the data set of next-generation sequencing, and seven of microsatellite markers were validated as informative genetic markers that can be utilized to study the T. indicum population.     

二维模糊集与随机集落影

本文以不同于常规的方法定义了二维随机集,及其联合分布、联合落影测度、联合落影函数,给出了成为二维随机集的充要条件。讨论了二维模糊集与随机集落影的关系。     

Foetal Protection against Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus after Two‐step Vaccination

In order to assess the efficacy of a two‐step vaccination protocol with respect to foetal protection against transplacental infections with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with special attention to BVDV‐2 seronegative heifers were vaccinated with an inactivated BVDV‐1 vaccine and boostered with a modified live BVDV‐1 vaccine after 4 weeks. A second group was left unvaccinated as control. Between days 30 and 120 of pregnancy the heifers of both groups were intranasally challenged with a mixture of BVDV‐1 and ‐2. All heifers of the vaccinated group gave birth to nine clinically healthy, seronegative (precolostral) and BVDV‐free calves. In contrast in the control group four BVDV viraemic underdeveloped calves were born. Additionally, one calf was stillborn and another viraemic calf was not viable and died 2 days after birth. All six calves of the control group were viraemic with BVDV‐2. This study demonstrated for the first time that two‐step vaccination of breeding cattle with a modified live BVDV vaccine 4 weeks after application of an inactivated BVDV vaccine was capable of providing a foetal protection against transplacental infection with BVDV‐2.     

红星苹果的营养诊断

通过测定山东省三种土壤类型‘红星’苹果园耕层上和叶片的养分含量，运用ＤＲＩＳ、Ｍ—ＤＲＩＳ和ＤＯＰ法对山东省红星苹果的营养状况进行了诊断。结果表明，三种土类的耕层土和叶养分含量差异显著。棕壤土苹果叶内最缺的养分是钾，褐土最缺锰和钾，潮土最缺锰和氮。三种土类相比，潮土苹果叶内的元素最不平衡。本文还讨论了诊断结果与测试结果间的关系及三种诊断方法间的差异。     

荔枝酒香气成分的GC/MS分析

利用溶剂萃取法对荔枝酒中的挥发性成分进行提取,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)技术对其分析,经过NIST02谱库检索对比,在荔枝酒中共检测出68个峰,鉴定出67种化合物。醇类和酯类是荔枝酒中香气贡献最大的两类化合物。初步得出该荔枝酒中的特征香气化合物为β-里哪醇、香叶醇和2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇。     

老爷山林场经营效果的评价

以老爷山林场为例，阐明了层次分析法在林场经营效果评价中的应用方法，打破了以往评价中只注重利润、投入产出比指标的局限性，为全面、正确评价林场的经营效果提出了一个可行的数量化方法。     

提高畜禽福利确保畜牧业健康发展

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,生产安全、高品质的畜禽产品已成为世界性的迫切需要解决的问题。深入研究动物的生理、行为等方面的需要,阐明动物的生存环境、人与动物的关系,建立动物福利及其生产系统的评价体系,提出动物生产全程可追溯管理规程及其标准等,才能全面提高动物的生     

包衣尿素在春白菜上的应用效果研究

以枣优良品种骏枣为试材,研究了多种因素对其离体叶片及大田幼嫩茎段再生效率的影响。结果表明,幼嫩茎段再生较容易。叶片再生与生长调节物质种类和浓度及叶片成熟度有关。枣叶片不定芽再生的最佳培养基为1/2MS(大量元素减半) TDZ0.5mg/L IBA0.2mg/L。不定芽再生率以上部叶片最高。     

山羊鼻内腺瘤和腺癌的病理学研究

发生于内蒙古自治区某地的山羊鼻内肿瘤呈地方性流行，临床上病羊初期流出大量浆液性鼻液，随后逐渐出现呼吸困难和鼻塞音，肿瘤可侵犯周围组织引起眼球突出和头颅变形，最后死于窒息。１４例山羊鼻内肿瘤的病理学研究表明，肿瘤起源于筛骨迷路粘膜的腺体（包括浆液腺和粘液腺），组织学上为腺瘤，以后可转变为腺癌，并向周围组织作浸润性生长，未见转移。２例作透射电镜检查见瘤组织有异型性，瘤组织和瘤组织内未见病毒样颗粒。发生     

Nuclear transfer using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (BMEC)

The developmental potential of nuclei from a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (BMEC) in nuclear transfer was investigated. For nuclear transfer donors, BMEC cells (passage 15) were cultured for 4–5 days after seeding at cell densities of 1.0 × 10⁵ cells/cm² (high‐density group) or 0.8 × 10⁴ cells/cm² (low‐density group). First, the effective electric stimulation for fusion of enucleated oocytes with BMEC cells was examined. Fusion rates reached maximum with two DC pulses of 30 V/150 µm for 20 µs in the high‐density group and with two DC pulses of 25 V/150 µm for 10 µs in the low‐density group. The fusion rate (37.5%) in the high‐density group was significantly (P < 0.005) lower than in the low‐density group (71.4%). Second, the in vitro developmental potential of nuclear transfer embryos derived from BMEC cells was examined. In the high‐density and low‐density groups, 18.8% and 24.1% of fused oocytes, respectively, developed to blastocyst stage. The results of this study indicate that nuclei from BMEC cells support the development of nuclear transfer embryos to the blastocyst stage and that the efficiency of oocyte–cell fusion is affected by the culture conditions of the donor BEMC cells before nuclear transfer.