土壤温度巡回检测系统的设计

设计了一种基于１６位Ａ／Ｄ转换顺ＭＡＸ１９５的多通道温度巡回检测系统，并介绍了其软硬件结构。本系统可作为土热力学研究的手段。     

Seeing more clearly: recent advances in understanding retinal circuitry

Among 10 breakthroughs that Science announced at the end of 2002 was the discovery of a photosensing (melanopsin-containing) retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and its role in entraining the circadian clock. This breakthrough exemplifies the ultimate goal of neuroscience: to understand the nervous system from molecules to behavior. Light-sensing RGCs constitute one of a dozen discrete RGC populations coding various aspects of visual scenes by virtue of their unique morphology, physiology, and coverage of the retina. Interestingly, the function of the melanopsin-containing RGCs in entraining the circadian clock need not involve much retinal processing, making it the simplest form of processing in the retina. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of retinal circuitry, visual processing, and retinal development demonstrated by innovative experimental techniques. It also discusses the advantages of using the retina as a model system to address some of the key questions in neuroscience.     

Induction of APOBEC3G ubiquitination and degradation by an HIV-1 Vif-Cul5-SCF complex

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vif is essential for viral evasion of host antiviral factor CEM15/APOBEC3G. We report that Vif interacts with cellular proteins Cul5, elongins B and C, and Rbx1 to form an Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF)-like complex. The ability of Vif to suppress antiviral activity of APOBEC3G was specifically dependent on Cul5-SCF function, allowing Vif to interact with APOBEC3G and induce its ubiquitination and degradation. A Vif mutant that interacted with APOBEC3G but not with Cul5-SCF was functionally inactive. The Cul5-SCF was also required for Vif function in distantly related simian immunodeficiency virus mac. These results indicate that the conserved Cul5-SCF pathway used by Vif is a potential target for antiviral development.     

Erythrocyte-replaced mouse model for Haemoparasite studies: comparison of NOD/shi-scid and C.B-17/Jcl-scid mouse upon acceptability of human erythrocytes

The erythrocyte-exchanged chimera mouse model has become to be a significant tool for studying animal and human (hu) protozoan haemoparasites, though the usefulness of this model varies depending primarily on the acceptability of xenogeneic red blood cells (RBC). To find a superior recipient in comparison with C.B-17/Jcl mouse with severe combined immuno-deficiency (scid) mutation, we examined in this report the non-obese diabetes (NOD)/shi-scid mouse, a recently available strain of SCID. When 2.5 x 10(8) of fluorescent dye-labeled hu-RBCs were transfused, C.B-17scid mouse eliminated them logarithmically by a simple linear regression, while NOD-scid mouse eradicated hu-RBCs by a unique two-step fashion, i.e., a potent but only briefly functioning RBC eradication followed by a weak steadily functioning step. The means of regression line constance +/- their standard deviations (SD) of 205 C.B-17scid and of 213 NOD-scid mice for their short- and long-lasting steps were -0.73 +/- 0.63, -0.53 +/- 0.25 and -0.16 +/- 0.10, respectively. Hu-RBC half-lives determined from these means of C.B-17scid mice and of NOD-scid mice for the short- and long-living steps were 3.6, 4.9 and 16.3 hr, respectively. Higher hu-RBC acceptability of NOD-scid mouse, especially at their long-lasting step, was also demonstrated under at an activated state of mouse innate immunity. Treatment with 1.0 mg heat-killed Candida cells caused an acceleration of hu-RBC elimination in both mouse strains but the magnitudes for the short- and long-living steps of NOD-scid mice evaluated by "stimulation index" were only 1/2.6 and 1/7.6 of C.B-17scid mice, respectively.     

深圳草坪越冬保绿的施肥研究

研究比较了4种肥料在深圳3个草坪草上对促进草坪草的生长和越冬保绿效果。结果表明,施肥处理对台湾草、马尼拉草和假检草均有明显的促进生长和越冬保绿效果。其中,施用有机无机草坪肥和草坪液肥的应用效果较其他两种肥料更好。     

近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术分析奶粉品质的研究

奶粉中蛋白质和脂肪是影响奶粉营养品质的主要因素,利用近红外反射光谱分析技术对来自国内不同地区的奶粉共900份样品进行蛋白质和脂肪成分测定分析。研究了不同的样品数日、光谱预处理和散射校正技术对发展奶粉近红外测定定标模型的影响。结果表明．在样品数目为200—400范围内建立的定标分析模型较理想;数学预处理中以一阶导数较好,且以“1,4,4,1”的处理组合最为理想;光谱散射校正中采用“标准正态变量转换(SNV) 趋势变换法(De—trending)”的组合建立回归方程效果较好。利用改进最小二乘法回归技术(Modified PLS)建立多种定标模型,并进行交叉验证(cross—Validation)来分析各种因素对定标模型的影响。同时筛选出较理想的蛋白质和脂肪定标分析回归方程,其中蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关系数高速0．973和0．850。探讨了NIRS技术在建模应用中的一些影响因素,以及由NIRS技术建立奶粉分析模型用于快速分析和在线检测的可行性。     

关于当前大学生思想政治素质教育的几点思考

本文从阐述素质教育的概念和内涵入手,分析了大学生思想政治素质及其教育的现状,提出了紧紧围绕一个“主旋律”、充分发挥两个”作用”、努力实现三个“转变”和着力解决四个”问题”等加强和改善思想政治素质教育的思路。     

大学生就业意向的研究

本文针对大学生就业中的个人职业选择性就业问题,根据彼德罗夫斯基“动机系统理论”的相关观点,在就业心理上,提出了”就业意向”的概念。尝试性地构筑了就业意向的初步结构,并就此作了实际的调查研究,阐明了大学生就业观念的变化及其与现实要求之间存在的差距,强调了应进一步加强狱业意向”的研究和就业指导工作。     

Genetic and antigenic diversity in avian infectious bronchitis virus isolates of the 1940s

In order to verify a commonly held assumption that only Massachusetts (Mass) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was prevalent in the United States between the 1930s (when IBV was first isolated) and the 1950s (when the use of commercial IBV vaccines began), we examined 40 IBV field isolates from the 1940s. Thirty-eight of those isolates were recognized as Mass serotype viruses based on their reactivity to Mass-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) and neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum. The remaining two isolates, N-M24 and N-M39, that did not react with Mass-specific Mab, resisted neutralization by Mass-specific chicken serum, and were neutralized only by homologous chicken antibody were identified as non-Mass IBV. When the first 900 nucleotides (nt) from the 5'-end of the spike (S1) glycoprotein gene and their deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared, the two non-Mass isolates differed from each other by 24% and 28%, respectively. In a similar comparison, the non-Mass viruses N-M24 and N-M39 differed from M28, a Mass-type isolate from the 1940s, by 21% and 22% (nt) and 28% and 27% (aa), respectively. These data indicate that antigenic and genetic diversity among IBV isolates existed even in the 1940s. Interestingly, when the N-terminal region of the S1 of M28 was compared to that of M41, a prototype Mass virus that has undergone countless number of in vivo and in vitro host passages, the two viruses differed by only 2% (nt) and 4% (aa). This finding suggests that frequent genetic changes are not inherent in all IBV genomes.     

江河源区高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建技术研究

通过对江河源区高寒草甸退化草地现状的调查研究,将这一地区的退化草地分为轻度、中度、重度和极度退化4类,对不同退化演替阶段的草地采取不同治理措施进行试验研究。最后提出了通过禁牧封育、毒杂草防除和草地施肥的措施进行轻度和中度退化草地的恢复改良。通过建植人工草地和半人工草地的手段恢复与重建重度和“黑土型”退化草地的技术方案。