猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒双重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

目的本研究旨在建立一种适用于临床样品和动物源性生物制品中猪伪狂犬病毒和猪细小病毒同时检测的双重PCR技术。方法针对猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的gE基因和猪细小病毒(PPV)的VP2基因的保守区域分别设计引物。结果经条件优化后,所建立的双重PCR方法能特异性地检测出样品中的PRV(581bp)和PPV(202bp)。结论本方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和稳定性,适用于临床样品中对PRV和PPV的同时检测,也可用于猪源性生物制品的检测。     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

嫁接对甜瓜品质影响的研究进展

归纳和总结了嫁接对甜瓜枯萎病抗性以及外观品质、内在品质和芳香物质的影响,介绍了一些甜瓜品种比较理想的砧木,希望能为今后的嫁接甜瓜的发展提供参考.同时提出嫁接苗栽培管理技术体系也是今后的研究方向.     

进境美国苜蓿草中苜蓿黄萎病菌的检疫鉴定

从一批进境的美国苜蓿草样品中分离得到了一株与苜蓿黄萎病菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)相似的分离物M1。该分离物原始菌落为白色,边缘规则呈圆形,菌丝较致密,气生菌丝较少,苜蓿组织块不被菌丝覆盖,菌落生长速度为小于2.5 mm/d;M1在PDA上进行纯培养,前6d内,菌落为白色圆形,容易产生分子孢子轮枝状分生孢子梗,7d后菌落中央表面因产生休眠菌丝开始变成黑褐色至黑色,20d后菌落的表面和背面大部分均变黑色,仍不产生微菌核和厚垣孢子。M1的DNA用V.albo-atrum特异引物Vaa1/Vaa2进行检测,PCR扩增后得到预期330 bp的产物片段,产物序列与V.albo-atrum相应序列的相似性为100%。该分离物接种苜蓿草根部,15d后引起苜蓿黄萎病的典型症状。根据分离物的形态特征、PCR检测结果、PCR产物序列分析,以及致病性测定结果,将进境美国苜蓿草样品中的分离物M1鉴定为苜蓿黄萎病菌。     

Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG‐2‐2 (IIIB) in creeping bentgrass plants transformed with pepper esterase gene PepEST

A pepper esterase (PepEST) gene was introduced into creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Purified recombinant PepEST proteins were sufficient to inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani AG2‐2 (IIIB) (causing brown patch) and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa (dollar spot), but not the oomycete responsible for pythium blight, Pythium aphanidermatum. PepEST proteins were most effective against R. solani. After genetic transformation of creeping bentgrass with PepEST, the genomic integration of transgenes bar and PepEST was confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and their expression was also validated by northern blot and western blot analyses. Disease severity on R. solani‐inoculated leaves of transgenic plants was <10% compared to ca. 50% in non‐transgenic plants. Microscopic observation of infected leaves indicated that PepEST inhibited the growth of hyphae upon fungal infection.     

稻瘟病菌拮抗细菌bio-2的抑菌作用及其鉴定

稻瘟病是水稻的重要病害,可引起大幅度减产.目前,利用水稻抗瘟性品种和使用化学农药仍是防治稻瘟病行之有效的方法,但因抗瘟品种的单一化、稻瘟病菌生理小种组成的复杂性和变异性、化学农药的毒性以及病原菌的抗药性,使水稻稻瘟病的防治受到一定的制约,因此,生物防治越来越受到人们的关注.     

我国甜菜褐斑病菌的PCR快速检测

由甜菜尾孢菌Cercospora beticola引起的甜菜褐斑病(Cercospora leaf spot, CLS)是甜菜生产中危害较重的叶部真菌病害,导致甜菜产量和含糖量下降。由于CLS早期症状不易识别,传统病斑形态目测诊断法易错过最佳防治时期,因此分子检测方法对于CLS的准确监测十分重要。迄今为止,国外已报道的分子检测法主要有基于甜菜尾孢菌 rRNA-genes的actin gene编码区和ITS区结合限制性酶切的分子检测法、基于 rRNA-genes的ITS区结合测序的检测方法和基于大量尾孢属真菌RAPD多态性分析而设计的特异引物Cebe2检测法。目前,我国对甜菜尾孢菌的分子检测工作尚未见报道,为此,本试验对甜菜尾孢菌上述3种主要分子检测方法进行了比较,并进一步验证了特异引物Cebe2的可靠性,初步确立了我国甜菜尾孢菌的快速分子检测技术体系,为我国CLS的早期准确检测和有效控制提供技术支持。     

多泵多塔多节点的供水系统水泵工况点的确定

本文针对多泵多塔多节点的供水系统,给出用迭代计算确定水泵工况的计算方法,并给出在电子计算机上实现上述计算的程序的步骤。     

玉米蛋白粉中反式叶黄素及主要顺式异构体的分离鉴定

使用反相高效液相色谱和二极阵列检测及大气压化学电离质谱技术对玉米蛋白粉中叶黄素、玉米黄质和隐黄质及其主要顺式异构体进行分离和鉴定。以体积分数95%的乙醇和四氢呋喃按体积比1∶1混合为提取溶剂,采用Carotenoid C30色谱柱(250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,甲醇和丙酮为流动相,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长450nm,采用DAD和APcI-MS技术对叶黄素、玉米黄质和隐黄质的主要顺式异构体进行鉴定。结果表明:叶黄素、玉米黄质和隐黄质及这3种色素的异构体在60 min内较好分离,其质量浓度为5.0~150.0、2.7~80.1和0.6~18.0μg/mL时与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 3和0.999 5;该检测方法精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.11%~0.39%,回收率为95.95%~101.78%。HPLC检测方法适用于玉米蛋白粉等干植物原料中叶黄素类色素的精确定量。     

植物钢笔画技巧探讨

植物钢笔画作为生物科学画的一个门类，是专为植物分类等学科的研究文章作出版插图用的。运用植物学和美术等知识，结合多年工作经验，从绘画工具、标本选择和起稿构图等方面探讨了植物钢笔画的绘制技巧。