Effects of predator-induced visual and olfactory cues on 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) foraging behaviour

Abstract –  Foraging juvenile fish with relatively high food demands are usually vulnerable to various aquatic and avian predators. To compromise between foraging and antipredator activity, they need exact and reliable information about current predation risk. Among direct predator-induced cues, visual and olfactory signals are considered to be most important. Food intake rates and prey-size selectivity of laboratory-reared, naive young-of-the-year (YOY) perch, Perca fluviatilis , were studied in experiments with Daphnia magna of two size classes: 2.8 and 1.3 mm as prey and northern pike, Esox lucius , as predator. Neither total intake rate nor prey-size selectivity was modified by predator kairomones alone (water from an aquarium with a pike was pumped into the test aquaria) under daylight conditions. Visual presentation of pike reduced total food intake by perch. This effect was significantly more pronounced (synergistic) when visual and olfactory cues were presented simultaneously to foraging perch. Moreover, the combination of cues caused a significant shift in prey-size selection, expressed as a reduced proportion of large prey in the diet. Our observations demonstrate that predator-induced olfactory cues alone are less important modifiers of the feeding behaviour of naive YOY perch than visual cues under daylight conditions. However, pike odour acts as a modulatory stimulus enhancing the effects of visual cues, which trigger an innate response in perch.     

心脏体外循环系统检测植物外啡肽活性的研究

本文利用猪胃蛋白酶在37℃条件下降解中筋粉,采集不同反应时间的酶解液样品,低温离心处理后,分别加入蛙心体外循环系统中,测定心肌收缩力变化,并随即加入阿片肽阻断剂-纳洛酮,检测植物外啡肽活性。结果表明,酶解液能够引起心肌收缩力加强,并可被纳洛酮逆转,证明酶解液具有植物外啡肽活性。     

反刍动物瘤胃甲烷产生的调控措施

综述了近几年对反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的产生所采取的各种调控措施，如通过饲养管理调控甲烷产生、控制乙酸和丙酸的比例、提供电子释放的新途径、添加抑制剂及引入其他菌等几个方面。其中部分措施在目前应用中存在着一定的局限性，因此笔者对未来调控反刍动物瘤胃甲烷的措施进行了展望。     

乳成分在线测定仪——"魔盒"

魔盒(如左图)只有拳头般大小,但它的功能却多样,在挤奶的同时,能在线检测原料奶的各种成分,包含乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、总固体、尿素,血、体细胞,其中体细胞又可分成四个类别,(a)体细胞<20万/mL,(b)体细胞在20￣40万/mL,(c)体细胞在40￣80万/mL,(d)体细胞>80万/mL。检测的时间就是牛只完成挤奶的同时,即在挤奶的瞬间,魔盒对牛奶中的上述指标进行检测。测出的数据将自动显示并保存在电脑中,并由阿菲牧(由以色列阿菲金公司研发)牛场管理软件永久保存,方便随时随地查阅。这些数据对牛场和乳品企业具有如下意义:1对牧场生产具有直接的指导意义牛…     

The use of a Giardia vaccine as an immunotherapeutic agent in dogs.

Dogs (n = 13), which had failed to be cured of giardiosis following chemotherapeutic measures, were treated with a Giardia vaccine (2-3 injections). Clinical signs resolved between 16 and 42 days postvaccination and cessation of fecal cyst shedding was between 21 and 70 days. Vaccination is a potential method of treating giardiosis in dogs.     

内2优6号生育特性及高产栽培技术模式研究

内2优6号全生育期146d,适于单季稻种植,分蘖力中等,株型较大,每穗约200粒,粒重高,千粒重30.5g,抗倒性较强。但叶片较长较宽。高产栽培的关键,培育壮苗,扩行稀植,控制中后期氮肥用量,增施钾肥,浅湿干灌溉,促进根系生长,提高根系活力和结实率。     

Canine distal renal tubular acidosis and urolithiasis

Distal RTA is characterized by decreased distal renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion, decreased ability to acidify urine, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, hypocitraturia, and metabolic acidosis. Because of the resulting alterations in urine composition and pH, patients with distal RTA are predisposed to urolithiasis and renal calcification. Diagnosis of distal RTA is important because it is a potentially reversible disorder that, left untreated, may cause nephrocalcinosis, recurrent urolith formation, moderate to severe metabolic acidosis, and renal failure.     

Qntgegnung auf die im Abgeordnetenhaufe zu Berlin in der Sisung vom 3. Decbr. 1867 gegen das hannover’fche Forftmefen gefallenen Aeuserungen. Qin Schreiben des Forftdirectors Burdhardt an bie Mitglieder bes Landtags aus der Brobing Hannober. 14 Seiten in 4°. Hannober. Q. Rümpler 1868. Breis 18 fr

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region

Ohne Zusammenfassung Schweitzerbartsche Veriagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart