深基坑支护结构选型的模糊随机可靠度研究

运用模糊随机理论，计算了深基坑支护结构的模型随机可靠度，结合一实例说明模糊随机可靠度在深基坑支护结构选型中的应用。     

遗传标记在小豆遗传育种研究中的应用

遗传标记是指可以明确反映遗传多态性的生物特征 ,它可以帮助人们更好的研究生物的遗传变异规律。首先对遗传标记加以简介 ,然后综述了近年来遗传标记在检测小豆种质资源遗传多样性、分子遗传图谱构建、基因标记等方面研究应用。     

基于LUCC的承德市域生态系统服务价值演变分析与优化研究

  目的  城市市域范围绿色空间生态系统服务价值的量化评估是国土空间规划中重要的工作基础,在价值测度的基础上对其进行演变预测,更有助于规划者了解并衡量城市市域范围内现有生态存量与未来发展趋势和潜在问题,从而预先进行规划回应。  方法  为明确承德市域土地空间利用演变对区域生态系统服务价值的影响,结合RS与GIS技术,对承德市市域范围内土地利用/覆被变化（Land Use/Land Cover Change, LUCC）演变特征进行分析,同时利用单位面积价值当量因子法对承德市域范围生态系统服务价值进行测算,在此基础上运用CA-MARKOV模型预测2026年承德市域土地利用演变趋势和生态空间存量和生态系统服务价值变化情况。  结果  承德市域生态系统服务价值总体呈现明显下降趋势。1980—2018年间（1980、1990、2000、2010、2018年,共5期）承德市域生态系统服务价值总量分别为1 038.51亿、1 035.93亿、1 036.09亿、1 009.71亿、999.36亿元。同时,模拟结果显示,2026年承德市域预测服务价值仍将处于下降趋势,价值降幅约为9.97亿元。  结论  承德市域生态系统服务价值空间维度呈现明显斑块状分布,核心服务功能集中在西北部和南部林地区域,时间维度出现显著功能缩减,核心缩减区域集中在各市县已建成区边缘区域。本研究从空间分布、时间演变和发展预测等多方面总结了承德市域生态系统服务功能演变和空间变化规律,从而为承德市域后续国土空间发展规划和管控策略的拟定提供依据。      

4C─80型微电机驱动采茶机的设计

阐述了一种微电机驱动采茶机的设计方法及有关切割与集叶的理论分析。通过对切割部分的优化设计，找到了减少碎片率的结构参数。     

Tank cultivation of the red alga Palmaria palmata: Year-round induction of tetrasporangia, tetraspore release in darkness and mass cultivation of vegetative thalli

Field-collected tetrasporophytes of Palmaria palmata were tumbled in 300-L outdoor tanks from January to August at ambient daylength or in a constant short-day (SD) regime (8 h light per day), both at 10 or 15 °C. Tetrasporangia were massively induced after 2.5 months under SD conditions at 10 °C and completely lacking at 15 °C, both under SD or ambient daylength conditions, with a few tetrasporangia present at 10 °C and ambient daylength. Elongation rates of tagged tetrasporophytic thalli peaked from March to April in all four conditions, when the biomass densities in the outdoor tanks were close to 2.5 kg fresh weight m^− 2. Under all four conditions, juvenile proliferations started to appear in June from the margins of the old fronds, and attained approximately 1 cm in length by the end of July.Approximately 80% of the tetraspores were released during the first three dark phases in a light/dark regime, and the remaining 20% during the light phases. A minimum of 10 min darkness was observed to trigger spore release. White light inhibited tetraspore release, while a similar number of spores were released in continuous red light or in the light/dark regime, although with no significant differences of spore release during subjective days and nights.Sporelings were successfully derived from the released tetraspores for mass propagation of the male gametophyte in 2000-L outdoor tanks in a greenhouse. Mass production of male gametophytic sporelings of P. palmata was completed two times by SD induction of tetrasporangia at 10 °C, release of spores in darkness and culturing the sporelings until they were ready to be propagated vegetatively in greenhouse tanks. One experiment lasted from January to October 2001, with spore release in June, and the second from September to April 2003, with spore release in January. These results may support the development of sustainable, year-round Palmaria farming.     

赤潮对日本养殖业的危害及其防治对策

报导了日本濑户内海１９７２年至１９８４年和西海岸１９８５年至１９９２年赤潮对海水养殖业所造成的经济损失情况，给出了发布赤潮注意报和赤潮警报期间应该采取的防治措施。     

Hg~(2+)对细叶蜈蚣草营养繁殖的影响

研究了不同梯度浓度的Hg2+对细叶蜈蚣草营养繁殖的影响。结果表明:Hg2+浓度>1.50mg/L的实验组中整个断枝叶片褪绿严重,甚至新芽的颜色与对照组相比也褪色不少。随着Hg2+浓度的增大,细叶蜈蚣草断枝发芽率呈下降趋势,6月份的断枝发芽率比11月份的高,因此Hg2+浓度>1.50mg/L处理抑制了细叶蜈蚣草断枝生殖。Hg2+浓度<1.00mg/L的各实验组之间侧枝新芽平均长度无明显差异,平均长度均在1.0cm以上;Hg2+浓度>1.00mg/L实验组中的侧枝新芽长度随着Hg2+浓度的增加而缩短,平均新芽长度在1.0cm以下。不同浓度Hg2+对细叶蜈蚣草侧枝发芽个数的影响没有明显的规律,Hg2+浓度>1.00mg/L处理已对细叶蜈蚣草侧枝生殖产生毒害作用。     

栉孔扇贝外套膜和鳃粘液细胞的类型与分布

采用AB PAS染色法显微观察和分析人工养殖 3龄栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri,壳长 4 0～ 5 0mm)外套膜和鳃粘液细胞类型与分布规律。结果表明 ,粘液细胞分为 4种类型 ,Ⅰ型呈红色 ,Ⅱ型呈蓝色 ,Ⅲ型呈紫红色 ,Ⅳ型呈蓝紫色。不同部位 ,粘液细胞类型、密度及形态不同 ,这与其功能密切相关。外套膜边缘膜及生壳突起内、外表皮粘液细胞均以Ⅱ型为主 ,密度较小 ,形态主要为梨形、杯形、圆形 ,并多为大型细胞 ;中央膜内表皮以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型较多 ,形态多为圆形或不规则形 ,外表皮只有Ⅱ型细胞分布 ;鳃轴表皮粘液细胞以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型为多 ,形态为圆形、杯形或不规则形 ;鳃丝表皮粘液细胞多为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型 ,形态多为圆形 ,少量为杯形 ;外套膜感觉突起和缘膜突起的表皮中无明显着色的粘液细胞 ,而是被大量棕色颗粒充满     

Changes of enzyme activity and hematopoiesis in Chinese prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck) induced by white spot syndrome virus and zymosan A

White spot syndrome virus and zymosan A were used to stimulate the Chinese prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck), and enzyme activities in organs involved in immune defence e.g., lymphoid organ, hepatopancreas and gill, total haemocyte count and mitotic index of haematopoietic tissue (HPT) were measured. The results showed that activities of phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were higher in lymphoid organ than in gill. The hepatopancreas had no PO activity, its SOD activity was similar to the lymphoid organ, and its ALP and ACP activities were higher than lymphoid organ and gill. Phenoloxidase activity in lymphoid organ was higher than that of the control group at 2 h after injection and lower than control after 24 h. Superoxide dismutase activity in all organs showed an increase. Alkaline phosphatase activity in lymphoid organ and gill was higher than that of the control group at 2 and 24 h after injection respectively. The difference in ACP activity was not significant. After injection with zymosan A, the mitotic index of HPT increased by 1.5‐fold compared with the control, and returned to control level after 48 h.     

Chlorogenic acid attenuates inflammation,oxidative stress,apoptosis and protects head kidney macrophage of yellow catfish from ammonia toxicity

Ammonia is the most common contaminants found in aquaculture water that seriously endangers fish health. However, there are few studies on the strategy and mechanism on alleviating ammonia toxicity in fish. The current study aimed to observe the cytotoxic effects of ammonia and the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on head kidney macrophage of yellow catfish from the perspective of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The cells were randomized into normal control, ammonia group (0.23 mg L^?1), CGA group (125 µmol L^?1), CGA (5, 25, 125 µmol L^?1) + ammonia (0.23 mg L^?1) groups. Cells were pretreated with CGA for 1 h followed by ammonia for 24 h. Findings suggested that ammonia treatment reduced cell viability, increased ROS production, up-regulated antioxidant (SOD, GPx) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, NF-κB p65) genes expression, down-regulated the mRNA levels of M2-type macrophage marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), and CGA attenuated the toxic effects of ammonia. The findings may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of ammonia toxicity and suggest that CGA can be used as a potential natural supplement to alleviate ammonia toxicity in fish.