Jagd und Waldpflege in Familiennamen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Supercritical fluid impregnation of wood with biocides using temperature reduction to induce deposition

The potential for using temperature reductions to induce biocide deposition at the end of biocide treatment was assessed using Cyproconazole to treat ponderosa pine sapwood boards. Temperature-induced deposition produced higher biocide loadings and steeper preservative gradients from the surface inward than the more commonly used pressure-induced deposition. The results are discussed in relation to treatment results, process time, and the ability to recover treatment components.     

Umweltvorsorge über den Tag hinaus

Zusammenfassung Die Erkenntnis, da? die beste Umweltpolitik darin besteht, Umweltbelastungen von vornherein soweit wie m?glich zu vermeiden, statt sie erst nachtr?glich in ihren Auswirkungen zu bek?mpfen, ist unter dem Eindruck bedrohlicher Eingriffe in das „System Umwelt” unterdessen zum wichtigsten Grundsatzprinzip der Umweltaktions-programme—auch dem der EG—erkl?rt worden. Die praxisbezogene Umsetzung dieses Grundprinzips einer vorausschauenden Umweltplanung setzt allerdings voraus, da? zuerst einmal überhaupt genügend geeignete Informationen über Zustand und Leistungsf?higkeit der Umwelt zur Verfügung stehen und da? darüber hinaus eine entscheidungsorientierte Implementierung dieser Informationen auch tats?chlich erfolgen kann. Beide Voraussetzungen sind heute in der Regel kaum erfüllt. Den Bemühungen der EG, hier einen nicht zuletzt auch stimulierenden Beitrag auf Gemeinschaftsebene zu leisten, sollen vor allem die beiden in Angriff genommenen Gemeinschaftsaktionen „?kologische Kartierung” und „Umweltvertr?glichkeitsprüfung” genügen. Beide Aktionen erg?nzen sich in mancher Hinsicht. Für die Aktion „Umweltvertr?glichkeitsprüfung” ist bereits im Laufe des n?chsten Jahres mit geeigneten Vorschl?gen der EG-Kommission an den EG-Ministerrat zu rechnen. Die „?kologische Kartierung” wird im Rahmen eines mehrj?hrigen Arbeitsplanes in vier Programmphasen abgewickelt. Die erste und methodisch wichtigste Programmphase soll Ende n?chsten Jahres mit dem Billigungsvorschlag einer Pilotmethode an den Rat zwecks sukzessiver Erfassung des gesamten Gebiets der EG abgeschlossen werden.

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The prevention of future environmental damage. The European Community is stimulating the development of instruments for a preventive environmental policy

Summary Under the influence of the magnitude of the conflicting influences to which the environmental system is exposed, the recognition that the best environmental policy consists in the prevention as far as possible from the very beginning of environmental pollution, rather than in dealing with its effects after the event, has become the most important basic principle of environmental policy, including the Community's Action Programme. The practical implementation of this principle of preventive environmental planning does, however, depend on the availability of sufficient suitable information on the state and characteristics of the environment and on there existing a mechanism by which this information can be fed into the decision-making process. These preconditions are not usually fulfilled at the present time. The two actions in the fields of “Environmental Impact Assessment” and “Ecological Mapping” represent the main thrust of the Community's efforts to play a catalytic role in this field. The actions are complementary in several respects. It is expected that the Commission will present its first proposals to the EC Council of Ministers on “Environmental Impact Assessment” in the course of the coming year. The “Ecological Mapping” is being developed in a multi-annual work programme, divided into four phases. The first, and methodologically most important phase should end next year with a proposal to the Council to approve a pilot methodology which can be used for the gradual mapping of all Community territory.

     

Gruppenverteidigungsverhalten bei wildlebenden Bienen (Apis cerana Fabr.) in Afghanistan

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

A jack pine survival model for spring-lifting and planting delays in Ontario

The general problem of developing a model capable of exploring the survival response of seedlings to tradeoffs in the timing of spring lifting, planting and cold storage was investigated. After the construction of an overall model framework, one general and three specific functions to predict first-year survival for batches of 2 + 0 jack pine seelings were developed. The independent variables required by the functions include: cold storage duration (days), average air and soil temperature during planting (°C), cumulative degree days at time of planting (°C), ratio of terminal-to-top length at time of lifting, and cumulative degree days at time of lifting (°C). A brief example of the type of use to which such functions could be put, and an indication of the expected level of confidence that may be placed in such a prediction, is presented. The survival functions developed in this study were not designed for widespread use throughout the Province of Ontario. At most they should be limited to 2 + 0 jack pine planting stock originating from Swastika Nursery, and planted nearby.Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-7315 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University.     

Long-term ecology of native pinewood communities in East Glen Affric, Scotland

Fossil pollen, stomata and charcoal were examined from a lakesedimentary sequence in the Glen Affric National Nature Reserve,one of the largest areas of remnant native pine woodland inScotland, in order to assess ecosystem dynamics over the last11 000 years. Results reveal that pinewood communities havebeen continuously present in East Glen Affric for the last 8300years. Pinus sylvestris first arrived in the area around 9900cal. BP, but occurred in only low abundance for the subsequent1600 years. Pine populations expanded around 8300 cal. BP andremained in relatively constant abundance throughout the remainderof the Holocene. There is no evidence of a hypothesized regionalmid-Holocene ‘pine decline’ at the site. Charcoalresults reveal that pinewood communities in East Glen Affricdo not appear to have been dependent on fire for either theirestablishment or their maintenance as has previously been suggested.     

Aussetzung vonAphidecta obliterata L. (Coccinellidae) auf der Nordseeinsel Amrum zur biologischen Kontrolle der Sitkalaus (Liosomaphis abietina Walk.Aphididae)

Ohne Zusammenfassung