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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
51.
Amanda Bonalume Cordeiro de Morais Carmen Alicia Daza Bolaños Ana Carolina Alves Cássia Yumi Ikuta Gustavo Henrique Batista Lara Marcos Bryan Heinemann Rogério Giuffrida Fernando Paganini Listoni Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni Rodrigo Garcia Motta Shinji Takai Márcio Garcia Ribeiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(6):1319-1326
52.
Shunji Oniki Kazumasa Shindo Seishi Yamasaki Kazunobu Toriyama 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(3):370-381
High grazing density has given rise to concerns about grassland degradation in periurban areas in Mongolia. Moreover, whether livestock can increase without harming the vegetation in these areas in Mongolia and what types of policy measures should be implemented is not documented. As such, this study develops an integrated simulation model of grassland biomass, animal growth, and livestock management for a forest-steppe area in northern Mongolia and conducts a simulation on long-term changes. The simulations show that, under current conditions, the number of animals will continue to increase, while the grassland biomass will decrease. Cooperative grassland management would lead to an increase in grassland biomass and higher incomes for herders. Furthermore, herders’ population changes would have a significant impact on animal density adjustments, while the effects of conventional economic measures, such as a tax on animals, would be limited if all other conditions remain constant. Consequently, the synergistic effects of herder population changes and cooperative management can contribute toward maintaining the herders’ income while preserving the grassland ecosystem. 相似文献
53.
Sakiko Orui Sakaguchi Tetsuro Ikuta Gen Ogawa Kodai Yamane Naonobu Shiga Hiroshi Kitazato Katsunori Fujikura Kiyotaka Takishita 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(5):757-765
In a previous report, we analyzed the stomach contents of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta by morphological observation and also by molecular identification using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region. However, one of the most frequently detected COI sequences could not be assigned to any specific taxon, even at the phylum level. In the present study, we conducted in situ hybridization (ISH) on the stomach contents of juvenile chum salmon using the COI sequence and polymerase chain reaction amplification of a 18S ribosomal RNA gene from the tissue sections where ISH signals were detected. As a result, the organism that was enigmatic at the phylum level was found to be an appendicularian. Moreover, Oikopleura longicauda collected from the bay where the juvenile chum salmon samples were obtained was shown to have the same COI sequences as this taxonomic “orphan” COI sequence from the stomach contents. The present results suggest that the COI sequences previously deposited in public databases for “Oikopleura” are actually derived from taxonomic groups other than appendicularians, and that this may have hampered our understanding of prey richness in the stomach or gut of certain marine animals based on DNA barcoding. 相似文献
54.
A cDNA encoding a novel phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which was named IN PLA2, was cloned from the intestine of the red sea bream. The amino acid sequence of IN PLA2 showed 49–75% homology with those of red sea bream group IB sPLA2, hepatopancreas DE-1 and DE-2 PLA2, and gill G-3 PLA2. IN PLA2 consists of a prepropeptide of 24 amino acid residues, followed by a mature protein. IN PLA2 contains 14 cysteines, and includes Cys11, the calcium binding loop and the pancreatic loop that are commonly conserved in
group IB sPLA2 enzymes. In addition, IN PLA2 is a cationic protein with a pI of 8.52. Therefore, IN PLA2 was identified as a novel group IB sPLA2 isoform in red sea bream. IN PLA2 mRNA was found by northern blot analysis to be expressed mainly in the pyloric caeca and the intestine, and was detected
in the goblet cells of the intestine by in situ hybridization. The expression level of IN PLA2 mRNA was elevated by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide—the outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria.
These results suggest that IN PLA2 is secreted from the goblet cells of the intestine in response to stimulus such as bacterial infection, and that it contributes
to antimicrobial defense in addition to the digestion of dietary phospholipids in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
55.
Sayaka NISHIKAWA Kazumasa SHIRAIWA Yoshihiro SHIMOJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(1):90
The Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ERH_1440 gene, which encodes CDP-glycerol:poly (glycerophosphate) glycerophosphotransferase, is conserved in serovar 1a strains. The gene is usually missing or truncated in other serovar strains and therefore has been used for PCR detection of serovar 1a strains. We have previously reported a rare case of an E. rhusiopathiae serovar 2 strain possessing an intact ERH_1440. In this study, we analyzed three additional serovar 2 strains with an intact ERH_1440 and developed a new PCR assay for the specific detection and differentiation of serovar 1a strains from these serovar 2 strains. PCR with primers designed based on serovar 1a-specific gene sequences upstream of ERH_1440 showed 100% specificity for four hundred thirty Erysipelothrix strains isolated from extensive origins. 相似文献
56.
Paddy and Water Environment - Hokkaido is an important agricultural area of Japan. The amount of arable land managed per farming household has been increasing because of the aging of farmers and... 相似文献
57.
Nishimori K Okada K Ikuta K Aoki O Sakai T Yasuda J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):267-270
Although not scientifically proven, hoof trimming has been empirically shown to increase milk yields in healthy dairy cows. In this study, we examined the effect of one-time hoof trimming on blood biochemical composition, milk yield, and milk composition in healthy dairy cows. Eleven cows in the mid to late lactation period that were clinically fit and without hoof disease were subjected to hoof trimming, and metabolic profile tests and dairy herd improving tests were performed before and three weeks after the hoof trimming. The metabolic profiles showed changes in albumin, blood urea nitrogen, ammonia, glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid as a result of the hoof trimming. This was indicated by the fact that the cows began to intake more roughage after hoof trimming than prior to hoof trimming, and rumen fermentation became stable. There was no change in milk yield after trimming. However, the milk fat and milk protein compositions were significantly increased after trimming. 相似文献
58.
S Sato A Ikeda Y Tsuchiya K Ikuta I Murayama M Kanehira K Okada H Mizuguchi 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(3):201-205
The objective of this study was to determine whether subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) could be diagnosed by continuous measurements of the reticular pH, as compared with the ruminal pH, using healthy cows fed a control diet and SARA cows fed a rumen acidosis-inducing diet. The reticular and ruminal pH were measured simultaneously by a radio transmission pH measurement system. The mean reticular pH at 1-h intervals decreased gradually from the morning feeding to the next feeding time in both healthy and SARA cows, though the decrease in the ruminal pH was observed to be more drastic as compared with that observed in the reticular pH. The threshold of the 1-h mean pH in the reticulum for a diagnosis of SARA was considered to be 6.3, and a significant positive correlation was observed between the reticular and ruminal pH. No differences in the concentrations of lactic acid, ammonia nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids were noted between the reticular and ruminal fluids in SARA cows. These results demonstrate that the reticular pH can be used to detect SARA in cows, as opposed to using the ruminal pH. 相似文献
59.
Sato S Mizuguchi H Ito K Ikuta K Kimura A Okada K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(4):274-279
An indwelling ruminal pH system has been used for the continuous recording of ruminal pH to evaluate subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. However this system does not allow the field application. The objective of this study was to develop a new radio transmission pH measurement system, and to assess its performance and usefulness in a continuous evaluation of ruminal pH for use on commercial dairy farms. The radio transmission pH measurement system consists of a wireless pH sensor, a data measurement receiver, a relay unit, and a personal computer installed special software. The pH sensor is housed in a bullet shaped bolus, which also encloses a pH amplifier circuit, a central processing unit (CPU) circuit, a radio frequency (RF) circuit, and a battery. The mean variations of the measurements by the glass pH electrode were +0.20 (n = 10) after 2 months of continuous recording, compared to the values confirmed by standard pH solutions for pH 4 and pH 7 at the start of the recording. The mean lifetime of the internal battery was 2.5 months (n = 10) when measurements were continuously transmitted every 10 min. Ruminal pH recorded by our new system was compared to that of the spot sampling of ruminal fluid. The mean pH for spot sampling was 6.36 ± 0.55 (n = 96), and the mean pH of continuous recording was 6.22 ± 0.54 (n = 96). There was a good correlation between continuous recording and spot sampling (r = 0.986, P < 0.01). We also examined whether our new pH system was able to detect experimentally induced ruminal acidosis in cows and to record long-term changes in ruminal pH. In the cows fed acidosis-inducing diets, the ruminal pH dropped markedly during the first 2 h following the morning feeding, and decreased moreover following the evening feeding, with many pulse-like pH changes. The pH of the cows showed the lowest values of 5.3-5.2 in the midnight time period and it recovered to the normal value by the next morning feeding. In one healthy periparturient cow, the circadian changes in ruminal pH were observed as a constant pattern in the pre-parturient period, however that pattern became variable in the post-partum period. The frequency of the ruminal pH lower than 5.5 increased markedly 3 and 4 days after parturition. We demonstrated the possible application of a radio transmission pH measurement system for the assessment and monitoring of the ruminal pH of cows. Our new system might contribute to accurate assessment and prevention of SARA. 相似文献
60.
Yuta NAGAI Takeharu KANEDA Yasuyuki MIYAMOTO Takaomi NURUKI Hidenori KANDA Norimoto URAKAWA Kazumasa SHIMIZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):55-59
To elucidate the dependence of aerobic energy metabolism and utilization of glucose in
contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle, we investigated the changes in the reduced
pyridine nucleotide (PNred) fluorescence, representing glycolysis activity, and determined
the phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP contents of the porcine urinary bladder during
contractions induced by high K+ or carbachol (CCh) and with and without hypoxia
(achieved by bubbling N2 instead of O2) or in a glucose-free
condition. Hyperosmotic addition of 65 mM KCl (H-65K+) and 1
µM CCh induced a phasic contraction followed by a tonic contraction. A
glucose-free physiological salt solution (PSS) did not change the subsequent contractile
responses to H-65K+ and CCh. However, hypoxia significantly attenuated
H-65K+- and CCh-induced contraction. H-65K+ and CCh induced a
sustained increase in PNred fluorescence, representing glycolysis activity. Hypoxia
enhanced H-65K+- and CCh-induced increases in PNred fluorescence, whereas
glucose-free PSS decreased these increases, significantly. In the presence of
H-65K+, hypoxia decreased the PCr and ATP contents; however, the glucose-free
PSS did not change the PCr contents. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high
K+- and CCh-induced contractions depend on aerobic metabolism and that an
endogenous substrate may be utilized to maintain muscle contraction in a glucose-free PSS
in the porcine urinary bladder. 相似文献