广亲和性品种02428与籼稻配组 F1代优势分析

 选用不同来源的14个籼型、3个粳型品种测试了02428的广谱亲和力。除个别组合在当地气候条件下不能正常成熟外，大多组合结实正常。参试的11个组合F1杂种优势非常突出。多少组合的大多性状超亲，竞争优势比较明显。其中，每穗总粒数、实粒数、单株谷重、株高优势明显，结实率、千粒重为负向优势。参试组合以献选×02428、83062×02428、910×02428等组合优势较强。     

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对藏药甘青青兰种子萌发的影响

采用甘青青兰种子为实验材料,分别以盐浓度为o(蒸馏水,ok),20,40,60,80,100 mmol/L和PEG-6000浓度为0,25,50,75,100,125 g/L处理种子,研究不同浓度盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对种子萌发的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫抑制甘青青兰种子的萌发,初始萌发时间均被推迟,随着盐浓度的升高,甘青青兰种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、萌发后胚根与胚轴的长度均呈下降趋势,发芽受损率升高,甘青青兰种子对Na2 CO3的耐受性最差,对Na2 SO4的耐受性较强,对NaC1的耐受性最强.PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫同样抑制甘青青兰种子的萌发,种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均随着PEG-6000溶液浓度的升高而降低,发芽受损率升高,萌发后胚根和胚轴长度也呈下降趋势,幼苗生长量降低.     

不同冻存液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞冻存质量的影响

本试验旨在探究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMECs）最佳的冻存液以改善乳腺上皮细胞的冻存质量。BMECs传至第5代后分别加入以下10种不同配方的冻存液。A组：85%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+5%DMSO;B组：80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;C组：75%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+15%DMSO;D组：70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%DMSO;E组：85%DMEM+5%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;F组：75%DMEM+15%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;G组：70%DMEM+20%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;H组：80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%甘油;I组：70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%甘油;J组：60%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+30%甘油,冻存前统一调整细胞密度到1×106 /mL冻存。分别对复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色计算存活率和PI/Hoechst33258双染计算凋亡率。结果表明：BMECs经不同冻存剂冻存复苏后,细胞活力、形态学及凋亡率表现有所不同,其中B组和G组的活力和24 h贴壁率较其他组高,二者的凋亡率较低,二者之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);传代后B组细胞的生长状况最好。     

深山草莓花瓣离体培养诱导变异植株及性状稳定变异株系的品种特性

应用均匀设计法研究了影响深山草莓花瓣愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织再分化变异植株的主要因子和水平。深山草莓花瓣愈伤组织诱导率超过65.0%以上的适宜培养基共有11个,经过组合优化后可知,培养基LS+TDZ2.06 mg?L-1+2,4-D0.60 mg?L-1对深山草莓花瓣愈伤组织诱导效果最好,诱导率为98.0%;其中,以培养基LS+TDZ2.20 mg?L-1 +2,4-D0.40 mg?L-1诱导形成的愈伤组织在10个适宜的分化培养基中培养均分化出再生芽苗,优化后的最佳再分化培养基为1/2LS+TDZ 2.30 mg?L-1+KT 1.38 mg?L-1,分化率为96.3%,田间试验发现变异率高达2.77%。对10个含有不同激素和浓度配比及1个优化后的培养基诱导形成的再生芽苗生根后经5年的田间栽培观察可知,有6个性状稳定的优良变异株系。这说明深山草莓花瓣在适当激素和浓度配比的条件下可产生变异植株,并能趋向稳定性状变异。     

A simulation application to improve the operational efficiency of the wholesale fish market in Taiwan

Abstract

This paper presents the applications of two simulation models developed for the Pu‐Shin wholesale fish market: the current operational model and the alternative operational model. This study analyses the possible influence on the wholesale fish system by manipulating the number of porters in the alternative operational model. Cost‐benefit analysis is conducted to compare the two models. The results suggest ways to improve the operational efficiency of the wholesale fish market in Taiwan.     

波纹龙虾耗氧率和窒息点的研究

采用流水法研究波纹龙虾在不同温度、盐度和pH值条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明：耗氧率随着水温的升高而增加,25℃耗氧率为0．0645mg／g·h,33℃时上升到0．1879mg／g.h。波纹龙虾耗氧率随盐度的变化则呈“V”字型,盐度为28最低0．1051mg／g。h。波纹龙虾的耗氧率随pH值的升高而降低,pH值7．4～7．7时,耗氧率较高,为0．1426～0．1460mg／g.h;pH值8．0～8．6时,耗氧率从0．1057mg／g。h下降到0．0722mg／g.h。在水温29℃,盐度28,pH值8．0条件下,波纹龙虾的窒息点为0．2341mg／L。     

Different breeding systems of three varieties of Bidens pilosa in Taiwan

Three varieties of the introduced Bidens pilosa (Hairy beggar‐ticks; Asteraceae) co‐exist in Taiwan. Bidens pilosa var. minor and var. pilosa are naturalised, while only var. radiata is invasive. Differences in seed set in bagged versus open‐pollinated capitula, pollen–pistil interactions and the pollen/ovule (P/O) ratio were investigated among these three varieties. In contrast with the resulting 45–55% seed set in each bagged capitulum of var. minor and var. pilosa, almost no mature seeds (1–2 seeds) were found in bagged capitula of var. radiata, showing that var. radiata has a low capability of autonomous seed production. In bagged capitula, only 1.5% of pistils of var. radiata, but 76% and 52% of those of var. minor and pilosa, respectively, had pollen tubes penetrating into their styles, suggesting that var. radiata has strong self‐incompatibility mechanisms preventing autonomous autogamy. The P/O ratio, with mean values of 8189, 2053 and 1613 for var. radiata, var. minor and var. pilosa, respectively, were counted. These results support the hypothesis that the three varieties bear different breeding systems; the invasive var. radiata is highly self‐incompatible, whereas the other two naturalised varieties are self‐compatible.     

An ecological and comparative perspective on the control of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland

Disease ecology involves a systematic approach to understanding the interactions and evolution of host-pathogen systems at the population level, and is essential for developing a comprehensive understanding of the reasons for disease persistence and the most likely means of control. This systems or ecological approach is being increasingly recognised as a progressive method in disease control and is exploited in diverse fields ranging from obesity management in humans to the prevention of infectious disease in animal populations. In this review we discuss bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Great Britain (GB) within a disease ecology context, and suggest how a comparative ecological perspective helps to reconcile apparent conflicts with the evidence on the effectiveness of badger culling to assist in the control of bTB in GB and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Our examination shows that failure of past measures to control bTB and the disparity in outcomes of badger culling experiments are the result of a complex relationship amongst the agent, host and environment, i.e. the episystem, of bTB. Here, we stress the role of distinctive bTB episystems and badger culling trial design in the ambiguity and resulting controversy associated with badger culling in GB and ROI. We argue this episystem perspective on bTB control measures in cattle and badger populations provides a useful and informative perspective on the design and implementation of future bTB management in GB, particularly at a time when both scientific and lay communities are concerned about the ongoing epidemic, the cost of current control measures and the execution of future control procedures.     

Metabolism of O,S-dimethyl propionyl- and hexanoylphosphoramidothioate in the house fly and white mouse

The metabolism of O,S-dimethyl propionyl- and hexanoylphosphoramidothioate was investigated in the white mouse and house flies. Compared to the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate, the propionyl analog is approximately 35-fold more toxic to house flies and is 10-fold less toxic to mice. On a percentage basis, substantially larger amounts of methamidophos were detected in house flies treated topically with the propionylphosphoramidothioate than in flies treated with the hexanoyl derivative. The reverse was evident in the case of the mouse where much larger amounts of methamidophos were formed after oral treatment with the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate. Minor amounts of other metabolic products also were detected, including an unknown from the hexanoylphosphoramidothioate. Metabolism of the S-methyl moiety to carbon dioxide appeared to be a major pathway for metabolic degradation of both compounds in both the white mouse and house fly. The difference in toxicity of the two acylphosphoramidothioates to the mouse and house fly is attributed to difference in the amounts of methamidophos formed in the animals.