Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

废名新诗理论与中国“自然”诗学传统

传统的经典理论分析了政府供给公共产品和消费者无差别消费时的经济问题。然而在市场经济中消费者的类型是不相同的，对公共产品的消费需求也各不相同。对此，需要研究不同消费需求、不同供给模式下具有“消费信号”的公共产品自愿供给问题。研究发现，提高公共产品消费的信号性，优化公共产品的供给模式对于公共产品的自愿供给非常重要。同时，识别出“信号消费”下的异质消费者，并使公共产品具有私人产品的消费特征时，公共产品自愿供给的意愿将会增加。     

Perivascular wall tumour presenting as pastern mass in a Standardbred gelding

A 2-year-old Standardbred gelding was referred for a mass on the palmaromedial right front pastern which was accompanied by progressively worsening lameness. The mass was firm to palpation and covered by normal skin. Ultrasonographically, a smooth encapsulated mass was present, medial to the flexor tendons and palmar to the neurovascular bundle. Because of a poor prognosis for future athletic performance without surgical or chemotherapeutic intervention and economic constraints preventing further diagnostics and treatment, the horse was euthanised. Post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed the mass to be a perivascular wall tumour, the first record of such a neoplasia in the horse.     

淮安区水稻测土配方施肥配方校正与示范对比试验报告

为验证肥料配方的准确性,发挥配方肥料施用的最大效益。通过田间校验,示范对比测土配方施肥的增产效果,进一步验证并完善淮安区的肥料配方,优化测土配方施肥技术参数。     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.     

草莓白化相关病毒中国分离物全基因组分析

草莓白化相关病毒(strawberrypallidosis-associatedvirus,SPa V)属于长线形病毒科(Closteroviridae)毛形病毒属(Crinivirus),可引起草莓病害,2017年在中国首次报道。采用高通量测序、RACE和RT-PCR技术获得了SPa V中国分离物(FJ)的基因组全长。该病毒含有两条正单链基因组RNA1和RNA2。RNA1全长8 048 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为264和197 nt,含有3个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码ORF 1a/1b融合蛋白和p9蛋白。RNA2全长7 977 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为248和186 nt,含有8个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码HSP70h、CPh、CP、CPm、p7、p6、p9和p28等8个蛋白。RNA1和RNA2与美国M1分离物分别具有98.5%和99.0%的核苷酸一致性;系统发育分析结果表明,SPa V中国分离物(FJ)单独处在一个分支。对SPa V来源的小RNA的分析表明,来源于SPa V的小RAN长度以21和22 nt为主。     

hrpZ_(Psta)在转基因大豆中定量表达与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性相关研究

以T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆JN29-705-15和JL30-187为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(Quantitative Real Time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测了目标基因在转基因大豆不同组织中的表达量,分别利用下胚轴侵染法和叶面喷施法鉴定疫霉根腐病抗性和灰斑病抗性,并分析目的基因表达量与疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性的相关性。结果表明:hrpZPsta基因在大豆的叶、茎、根、籽粒中均有表达,二个株系平均相对表达量分别为8.2/6.1、0.9/0.7、6.5/4.6和0.8/0.7;T5转hrpZPsta基因大豆抗疫霉根腐病和灰斑病能力与野生型相比均有所提高,JN29-705-15对疫霉根腐病抗性从感病提高到中抗,而JL30-187从中抗提高到抗病;hrpZPsta基因在叶中的表达量也与抗灰斑病能力呈正相关,与病情级别呈极显著负相关。试验结果初步证明了外源基因hrp ZPsta在大豆植株中的表达量与受体植株对疫霉根腐病和灰斑病抗性存在一定的相关性。     

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

棉花SSR-PCR过程中聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳操作常见问题的解决与优化

在大批量聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳过程中,难免会出现条带空白、弯曲或者拖尾等各种异常现象。本文以棉花DNA为例,综述了多年实验操作中遇到的突发情况及解决方法,为广大科研工作者提供参考。     

褚橙龙陵基地柑橘叶片DRIS图解法和指数法综合营养诊断分析

[目的]开展基于综合营养诊断施肥法(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System,DRIS)的冰糖橙种植基地柑橘营养诊断,为柑橘园的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考依据.[方法]以云南褚橙龙陵基地500 ha冰糖橙为研究对象(柑橘园随机划分为8个区域),通过测定成熟秋梢叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铁(Fe)矿质营养的含量,运用DRIS图解法求得冰糖橙叶片各营养元素诊断参数最适比范围,依据DRIS指数法求得各区域冰糖橙需肥紧迫程度排序及养分不平衡指数(NII),初步制定冰糖橙树体营养元素DRIS指数分级标准.[结果]整个园区高产园(>22500 kg/ha)的各营养元素含量大多高于低产园(≤22500 kg/ha),高产园和低产园间N、Fe、N/Fe、P/Fe、Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Zn差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01).当N/P在2.27~2.57,N/K在1.58~1.91,P/K在0.66~0.79时冰糖橙叶片N、P和K养分含量平衡;当Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Fe、Cu/Zn、Cu/Fe和Zn/Fe分别在17.01~19.09、0.21~0.26、0.012~0.015、2.77~4.60、0.30~0.43和0.09~0.12时,冰糖橙叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu养分处于平衡状态.综合诊断显示冰糖橙叶片养分需求顺序为Mg>N>K>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Fe,不同区域冰糖橙养分需求顺序不同,高产园冰糖橙相对缺乏的养分有N、P,低产园相对缺乏的养分有N、Mg,相比之下,低产园营养比例失衡情况较严重.依据高产园叶片矿质营养元素含量范围确定冰糖橙叶片矿质营养元素的适宜值为N(11.66~13.30 g/kg)、P(4.74~5.61 g/kg)、K(6.23~8.23 g/kg)、Ca(13.67~19.33 g/kg)、Mg(0.86~0.97 g/kg)、Cu(14.49~37.71 mg/kg)、Zn(6.38~8.02 mg/kg)和Fe(55.91~85.74 mg/kg).[结论]根据DRIS诊断,褚橙龙陵基地冰糖橙园普遍存在N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏,Cu、Zn、Fe相对过剩问题.DRIS图解法和指标法综合诊断既可求得各元素最适比范围和需肥紧迫程度,同时,参照冰糖橙叶片养分含量分级标准能判断树体营养元素的平衡状况,可用于生产上指导下一年合理施肥.