Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

基于Web of Science的五味子研究态势分析

基于Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学方法,分析了2001—2014年10月10日全球发表的关于五味子研究的文献类型,年度发文量,居世界前10名的国家、机构、期刊和研究方向等情况。结果表明:2001—2014年10月10日全球发表的五味子文献共695篇,文献类型以学术论文为主;论文的产出量呈逐年上升趋势,2013年发文量最高,约是2001年的9倍;中国、韩国和美国发文量居世界前3位,中国发文量最多,为453篇;中国科学院和中国医学科学院论文数量多;最有学术影响力的发文期刊是《Organic Letters》,化学、药物药理及植物科学是五味子研究的重点领域。     

冻土帷幕界面设置加热限位管时温度场数值分析

为解决现有人工冻结法施工后周围地层产生冻胀融沉所引发不良后果的问题,可设置加热限位管对冻土帷幕的发展进行限制,从而达到控制冻胀融沉的目的。本文运用有限元软件研究在冻土帷幕界面上设置加热限位管时对冻土帷幕温度场发展的影响规律,主要得出:加热限位管盐水温度每升高5℃,冻土帷幕厚度就减小约0.2 m;在已冻结30 d,冻土厚度发展到1.6 m冻土上,加热限位管循环5℃盐水时,随着时间的增加冻土厚度慢慢变小,加热限位管作用效果明显;在限位管开始循环热水前期,各点温度都有明显上升,离限位管越近温度所受影响越大;随着时间的推移,各点温度趋于稳定,循环热盐水温度越高,趋于稳定的温度值也越高。所得结果可为今后类似工程设计提供参考依据。     

北京地区文献采购中招投标机制探究

招投标作为一种公开、公平、公正和竞争择优的市场交易方式,在当今社会经济活动中扮演着越来越重要的角色。论述了招投标机制的形成,图书馆文献采购中的招投标;研究分析了影响文献采购招投标工作的因素及对策;介绍了北京市评标专家库的建立。     

ABA、H_2O_2与NO供体硝普钠对基因表达以及枣果发育的影响

枣在成熟期间遇到连阴雨天气会发生严重的裂果现象,这种基于基因表达的生理病害的发生与非生物或生物胁迫有关。以吕梁当地木枣为试材,在木枣成熟期,采用改良CTAB法检测组织中DNA纯度及含量的变化,研究ABA、H2O2与NO供体硝普钠(SNP)在枣果发育中对基因表达的影响。结果表明:ABA、H2O2与NO供体硝普纳(SNP)对枣果发育中DNA纯度及含量的影响不一,差异较为明显。其中不同浓度的ABA处理枣果组织中DNA的OD260/OD280比值基本不在1.700~1.900范围内,DNA纯度差异明显。但样品DNA含量较高,其值在1 200ng/μL左右;H2O2和SNP处理样品DNA的OD260/OD280比值基本上在1.700~1.900之间,DNA纯度较高。样品DNA含量基本上小于或在1 000ng/μL左右。外源ABA较为明显地干扰了基因表达,诱导了新蛋白质、RNA和酚类物质等的生物合成,有促进木枣果发育的趋势;而H2O2和NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对基因表达或枣果发育的影响不十分明显。     

Impact of fluxapyroxad on the microbial community structure and functional diversity in the silty-loam soil

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of applying three different doses of fluxapyroxad on microbial activity, community structure and functional diversity as measured by respiration, microbial biomass C, phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) and community-level physiological profiles(CLPPs). Our results demonstrated that substrate-induced respiration(on day 15) and microbial biomass C(on days 7 and 15) were inhibited by fluxapyroxad, but stimulation was observed thereafter. In contrast, fluxapyroxad addition increased the basal respiration and metabolic quotients(q CO2) and respiratory quotients(QR). Analysis of the PLFA profiles revealed that the total and bacterial biomass(both Gram-positive bacteria(GP) and Gram-negative bacteria(GN)) were decreased within the initial 15 days, whereas those as well as the GN/GP ratio were increased at days 30 and 60. F luxapyroxad input decreased the fungi biomass but increased the bacteria/fungi ratio at all incubation time. Moreover, high fluxapyroxad input(75 mg fluxapyroxad kg–1 soil dry weight) increased the microbial stress level. A principal component analysis(PCA) of the PLFAs revealed that fluxapyroxad treatment s ignificantly shifted the microbial community structure, but all of the observed effects were transient. Biolog results showed that average well color development(AWCD) and functional diversity index(H′) were increased only on day 60. I n addition, the dissipation of fluxapyroxad was slow in soil, and the degradation half-lives varied from 158 to 385 days depending on the concentration tested.     

园林机械（以割草机为代表）用改性PP材料开发与应用

文章从PP材料的改性原理、园林机械用改性PP材料的性能要求出发,全面阐述了园林机械用改性PP材料的开发研制过程,开发出了一系列园林机械用改性PP材料并全面在ZS系列园林机械上得到了应用。     

立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的研发及质量检测分析

介绍了我国立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的发展,简述立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机的组成、工作原理和优越性,分析质量检测及立式无筛饲料超微粉碎机技术的发展,展望制定行业标准的预期效果。     

房山区中南部沟域景观资源分析及规划探讨

本文从风景园林规划的基本目的入手,通过实践和调研房山区中南部沟域景观资源,分析地区内各景观体系类型,分类整合地区景观资源特征,挖掘房山中南部景观资源本身价值,并通过对房山区中南部地区进行上方花海沟域景观规划,系统研究房山区中南部沟域地区的景观建设发展方向,为深层综合开发、培育和保护当地景观资源提出改进措施,亦为房山区中南部的沟域经济的建设发展提供必要的理论依据。     

产甲壳素酶菌株的筛选与诱变

以胶体甲壳素作为惟一碳源,从自然界微生物中筛选并诱导到一株产甲壳素酶活性较高的菌株,经16S r DNA鉴定为Aeromonas sp.。并以该菌株作为出发菌株,经过一次紫外诱变,酶活是初筛菌株的1.48倍。再经过二次紫外诱变或者紫外-Li Cl复合诱变,酶活分别是初筛菌株的3.16和3.87倍,最高酶活达到3.48 U/m L。最后通过连续传代培养,确定了菌株HMX-16经过紫外和复合诱变后突变性状稳定性良好。