去花对菊芋数量学性状的影响

以白皮菊芋为试材,通过对现蕾期菊芋去除1/4花、1/3花、1/2花、全部去除和不去花等5个处理,测定叶片、小花、分枝和块茎数量等相关指标,探讨了去花对菊芋数量学性状的影响规律,为提高菊芋块茎生物产量提供理论依据。结果表明:去花1/3、1/2和全株去花提高了单株菊芋块茎数量,降低单株块茎质量,1/4去花对菊芋单株块茎数量和单个块茎质量影响不显著;去花处理降低了二级分枝和一级分枝的数量;去花处理增加了单株叶片的数量和单片叶片的质量;随着去花数量的增加,单株小花数量呈现"降-升-降"的变化规律,单个小花质量呈现"降-升"的变化趋势。     

“红玛瑙”甜樱桃不同果枝需冷量研究

以山西晋中地区"红玛瑙"甜樱桃为试材,在2012、2013年采用0~7.2℃模型,通过花枝(混合枝、长果枝、中果枝、短果枝、花簇状)田间采集,组培室恒温水培法,对其日光温室生产中需冷量进行了研究。结果表明:甜樱桃的叶芽需冷量低于花芽;5类果枝需冷量顺序为花簇状短果枝中果枝长果枝混合枝。     

避雨栽培对“户太八号”葡萄生长及果实发育的影响

以"户太八号"葡萄为试材,比较了露地栽培与避雨栽培2种模式下葡萄的生长发育状况、外观品质及理化性质。结果表明:避雨栽培极显著削弱了叶幕层光照强度,为常规栽培的68.71%;避雨栽培下葡萄日平均净光合速率降低12.10%,叶绿素含量平均降低5.57%;在叶幕微气候方面,避雨栽培下叶幕层日平均温度提高了1.68℃,日平均湿度降低了10.98%。与常规栽培比较,避雨栽培平均果粒质量降低了1.52g,平均果穗质量降低了92g;避雨栽培下葡萄的可溶性固形物高于常规栽培,差异不显著;含酸量在果实发育时期极显著低于常规栽培下的葡萄,且差值较大。避雨栽培可显著提高果实固酸比,提高果实品质。     

不同浓度赤霉素和双氧水对刺茄种子萌发的影响

刺茄种子在常规条件下很难萌发。为寻找促进刺茄种子萌发的试剂,试验以不同浓度的赤霉素(0~1 000mg/L)和双氧水(0%~3.0%)溶液处理刺茄种子,观察记录每天的发芽数,并从种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数3个指标探讨赤霉素和双氧水对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:双氧水和低浓度赤霉素(0~400mg/L)对刺茄种子的萌发没有影响,而高浓度赤霉素(600~1 000mg/L)能显著提高种子萌发。     

设施富营养化土壤平衡施肥技术研究

以连年栽种作物的设施大棚土壤为研究对象,采用目标产量法,研究了富营养条件下设施土壤的平衡施肥方法。结果表明:对于设施富营养化土壤种植黄瓜肥料利用率氮肥为29.3%,磷肥为-9.6%,钾肥为35.4%;种植番茄肥料利用率氮肥为32.6%,磷肥为30.69%,钾肥为56.99%;种植菜豆肥料利用率氮肥为-2.4%,磷肥为-35.8%,钾肥为-7.97%,除番茄外,富营养化地区种植使用磷肥几乎没有增产效果。同时通过试验确定了富营养化设施土壤栽培黄瓜、番茄、菜豆的N、K施肥量上限及施肥比例:黄瓜667m~2最大施肥量32.1kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;番茄667m~2最大施肥量27.0kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;菜豆667m~2最大施肥量17.4kg,N、K比例为1∶1。在富营养化设施土壤栽培中推广平衡施肥技术,能够很好地提高产量,节约肥料用量,增加经济效益。     

不同系统梨品种抗旱性初步评价

以5大梨系统20个梨品种的2年生盆栽梨苗为试材,研究水分胁迫及复水条件下膜脂过氧化物质、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,秋子梨系统梨品种具有较高的净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率,较低的蒸腾速率和叶面饱和蒸汽压亏缺,抗旱性强于其他品种;砂梨抗旱性最弱。随着水分胁迫时间的延长,抗旱性较弱的西洋梨和砂梨MDA和O_2~-含量迅速增加,膜系统受到严重伤害。西洋梨和白梨随着干旱胁迫的加重脯氨酸大量积累,启动渗透调节来缓解水分胁迫造成的伤害。水分胁迫前期不同系统梨品种SOD和POD活性呈持续上升趋势,胁迫过重则活性降低,且抗氧化酶增加的幅度与梨品种的抗旱性呈正相关关系。综合评价认为,秋子梨、新疆梨及白梨系统品种的抗旱性较强,适宜在干旱、半干旱地区发展,西洋梨和砂梨则抗旱性较弱,适宜在湿润、半湿润地区发展。     

Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II canine cutaneous mast cell tumor

The prognosis for canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CCMT) is thought to be correlated with histopathological grading. However, the wide variety of histopathologic types of grade II is one of the most troublesome and difficult points for prognosis. The objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of surgical margin, ki-67 and cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II tumor. Surgically resected specimens of solitary grade II CCMT from 48 dogs with follow-up periods over 360 days (median was 1080 days) were used in this study. The expression of cyclin D1 and ki-67 proteins was determined by morphometrically using slides stained immunocytochemically, and the correlations among the results, survival rate, and recurrence and/or metastasis rate of each dog were analyzed statistically. The recurrence and/or metastasis and mortality rate in the incomplete surgical excision group within 30 months postoperatively were higher than that of the complete surgical excision group. In the incomplete surgical excision group, dogs with low positive staining of ki-67 had a significantly better survival, but the recurrence and metastasis rate and ki-67 positivity failed to show a significant correlation. Only a small number of cases showed cyclin D1-positive tumor cells, but most of them had a poor outcome with a high recurrence rate. In grade II CCMT, incomplete excision induced a relatively high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. Ki-67 positivity is a marker for the estimation of overall survival in incomplete surgical excision cases. Cyclin D1 positivity was low and may not have a prognostic role.     

Antihyaluronidase action of ellagic acid effectively prevents polyspermy as a result of suppression of the acrosome reaction induced by sperm-zona interaction during in vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of three tannin relatives (tannic acid, TA; gallic acid, GA; and ellagic acid, EA) on antihyaluronidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, in vitro fertilization (IVF) parameters, and the acrosome reaction (AR) induced by sperm-zona interaction. Among the three tannin relatives, TA and EA showed the strongest potency for blocking the hyaluronidase activity of boar sperm, with concentration-dependent inhibition over the range of 2-10 microg/ml. In contrast, ROSs were effectively scavenged by TA and GA, but not EA. When cumulus-free oocytes were inseminated in IVF medium containing 5 microg/ml of the tannin relatives, polyspermy was significantly reduced by TA and EA (32 and 29%, respectively) compared with oocytes treated with or without GA (51 and 69%, respectively) under conditions that maintained a high sperm penetration rate (P<0.05). Interestingly, induction of the AR by treatment of preincubated sperm with progesterone was blocked by TA and GA as a result of their higher levels of ROS scavenging activity, while EA, which possessed weak ROS scavenging activity, did not disturb induction of the AR with progesterone. However, the incidence of AR induced by sperm-zona interaction was significantly decreased by the strong antihyaluronidase actions of TA and EA compared with that in the absence of these compounds. Treatment with the compounds caused neither a protective proteolytic modification of the zona pellucida matrix before fertilization nor a reduction in acrosomal proteolytic activity or the number of zona-bound sperm. These findings suggest that the antihyaluronidase action of EA effectively prevents polyspermy by suppression of AR functionality induced by sperm-zona interaction and that hyaluronidase intervention is therefore required during porcine IVF.     

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant toxin for detection of antibodies against Pasteurella multocida toxin

To facilitate the control of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) of swine caused by toxigenic Pasteurella multocida, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a serum neutralization test (NT) have recently been developed to detect antibodies against the P. multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PmDNT). However, the NT is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed an indirect ELISA, using recombinant PmDNT expressed in Escherichia coli, for the detection of antibodies to PmDNT in serum samples from pigs. The practical usefulness of this ELISA was compared with the NT using serum samples obtained from experimentally infected and naturally infected pigs. In the pigs experimentally inoculated with vaccine including PmDNT toxoid, the ELISA and neutralization antibodies were detected at almost the same time, and a good correlation was demonstrated between both tests (P<0.01, R(2)=0.807). Therefore, the ELISA can be used to evaluate the immune reaction of pigs after vaccination with P. multocida toxoid. In a survey conducted on a field herd with a history of clinical AR, the seropositivity by ELISA in pigs of age 4.5-6 months was increased even though the NT was negative, and the correlation was low between the results obtained with the two tests (P<0.01, R(2)=0.38). Therefore, the results indicated that this ELISA might be a useful alternative to the NT currently used to detect the antibody to PmDNT after vaccination or infection with P. multocida.     

CO2浓度增加对半干旱区马铃薯生长动态及产量、品质的影响

为了解CO₂浓度升高条件下马铃薯生长动态及其产量、品质的变化特征,在典型半干旱区（甘肃定西）利用开顶式气室(OTC)试验平台,以马铃薯‘新大坪’为供试品种,设对照(390 μmol·mol^-1)和590 μmol·mol^-1共2个CO₂浓度梯度,开展CO₂浓度增加模拟试验。结果表明：CO₂浓度增加至590 μmol·mol^-1时,马铃薯发育加快,生育期提前,全生育期天数缩短3 d;CO₂浓度升高对马铃薯株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和叶片水势有明显促进作用。随着生育进程的推移,马铃薯地上部干物质生产对CO₂浓度的响应值呈现先变大再变小的趋势。CO₂浓度增加促进了马铃薯块茎产量的提高,单株结薯数和单株薯块质量也有所增加。与对照相比,590 μmol·mol^-1CO₂处理马铃薯块茎水分、蛋白质、维生素C含量以及铁、锌、铜元素含量分别下降3.43%、11.78%、13.09%、25.58%、31.94%和9.76%,而粗淀粉、粗脂肪、粗纤维和还原糖含量分别增加10.56%、240.00%、14.28%、106.38%。