我国陆生动物疫病检测诊断技术标准化发展分析

动物疫病检测和诊断类标准是检测和判断动物疫病的主要依据。本文梳理了我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准的建设现状,并将其与我国《一、二、三类动物疫病病种名录》以及OIE《陆生动物疫病诊断和疫苗手册》和《中华人民共和国进境动物检疫疫病名录》中的陆生动物疫病目录进行对比。分析发现:我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准体系对我国一、二、三类动物疫病的覆盖率为92.6%,其中80%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法 ;对OIE陆生动物疫病诊断和疫苗手册名录疫病的覆盖率为88.3%,其中73%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法 ;对我国进境动物检疫名录疫病的覆盖率为87.7%,其中73%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法。由此提出了提高我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准覆盖率,强化快速诊断检测技术标准化建设的建议。     

Identification of Suspected Stem/progenitor Cells in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Culture System

To develop the potential function of dairy cow mammary stem cells (DCMECs) in regulation of lactation,we identify putative DCMECs which were BrdU label retaining epithelial cells,at the same time,analysis the location of two new mammary stem cells molecular marks FNDC3B and PROCR to verify the feasibility of them to indicate DCMECs.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and their receptors were detected along with cell passage by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the proportion of BrdU label-retaining epithelial cells was nearly 0.4% after 25 d continuous culture (passaged 4 times) and few cells were positive for FNDC3B or PROCR.Moreover,we observed the BrdU labelled epithelial cells by asymmetric division.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and their receptors in primary and passage cells were extremely significant difference(P<0.01).DCMECs would rapidly lose some physiological characteristics and the ability of milk synthesis when not under the condition of induction of lactation differentiation,but a certain percentage of mammary stem/progenitor cells will be retained,whose potential effects on the regulation of lactation and mammary acinar remodeling were worthy of attention.     

鳢肠对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

通过饲料混毒法测定鳢肠对棉铃虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,随饲料中鳢肠比例的加大和棉铃虫幼虫取食时间的延长,鳢肠对棉铃虫幼虫的生长发育具有明显的抑制作用。幼虫取食鳢肠比例高的饲料后,棉铃虫蛹质量显著降低,但羽化率和单雌日均产卵量与对照处理差异不显著;给棉铃虫幼虫饲喂鳢肠明显延长了幼虫和成虫历期,但对蛹历期的影响较小。     

靖边县2010年—2012年羊布鲁菌病血清学调查

为了解陕西省靖边县羊布鲁菌的感染及分布状况,自2010年1月—2012年12月,采集陕西省靖边县羔羊、种羊等55 059只的羊血清样品,通过试管凝集反应对布鲁菌病抗体进行检测,分析羊布鲁菌的分布情况。结果显示,55 059份羊血清样品共检出阳性样品78份,其中羔羊样品阳性71份。种羊养殖场和养殖户因引进布鲁菌隐性种公羊造成2个养殖场出现77只病羊,4个养殖户出现117只病羊。羔羊布鲁菌抗体阳性率呈增高趋势,由2010年的0.04%上升到2012年的0.29%;由于引种造成的布鲁菌感染率较高。     

生态养老背景下木结构建筑发展探析

木结构建筑具有自然舒适、绿色环保、节能保温以及防震减灾等特点,在生态养老领域具有很好的发展前景。介绍了木结构建筑概况,分析了老年人的生态养老需求,从适老化、绿色智能和文旅康养等方面,对木结构老年建筑发展进行展望与讨论,提出了完善相关标准规范和政策建议,为促进我国木结构老年建筑发展提供参考。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

香椿木材物理力学性质及抽提物含量研究

对香椿木材的物理力学性质及抽提物含量进行了系统研究。结果表明:香椿木材为轻质木材,气干密度0.45 g/cm3;气干材径向、弦向、体积干缩率分别为1.53%、3.21%、4.85%;全干材径向、弦向、体积干缩率分别为3.33%、6.56%、10.46%;饱水径向、弦向、体积湿胀率分别为3.45%、7.01%、11.67%;香椿木材顺纹抗压强度25.64 MPa,抗弯强度75.01 MPa,抗弯弹性模量6331.24 MPa,端面、径面、弦面的硬度分别为2.90 k N、1.91 k N、2.08 k N;香椿木材的热水抽提物含量为5%、苯醇抽提物含量为4.47%、1%No OH抽提物含量为20%。     

狗尾草应用基础的研究进展

狗尾草具有NADP-ME型C4光合作用,适合高光效形成机制的研究,生命周期短暂,基因组较小,植株低矮,种子数量多,便于进行遗传操作,被认为是研究C4光合作用的模式物种,并且狗尾草生长要求简单,抗旱耐盐,适应性广,与谷子、柳枝稷近缘,又是理想的旱生禾本科粮食作物和生物能源植物的遗传研究模型.该研究介绍了狗尾草的研究基础,综述了狗尾草的生长发育特性、生理生化特性、种质资源、功能基因以及药用价值的研究进展,并对狗尾草的发展趋势进行展望.     

Copper‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Responses of the Antioxidant System in Roots of Medicago sativa

The effects of various copper (Cu) concentrations on the antioxidative system in the roots of Medicago sativa were explored. The results indicated that the Cu content of the roots reached a value of 854 μg g^?1 DW at 10 μm Cu and a value of 4415 μg g^?1 DW at 100 μm Cu, suggesting that M. sativa has better ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu than other Cu‐bioaccumulators, and is a potential plant for phytoremediation. Treatment with Cu resulted in a significant increment in the levels of H₂O₂, O₂˙^? and OH˙. The reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione reached a peak at 30 μm Cu, and was followed by a sharp depletion to a lower level than that of the control. In contrast, the levels of the oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione showed a progressive increment with increasing Cu concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant system was unable to cope with Cu stress at higher Cu levels. Under the Cu concentrations tested, the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) increased at lower Cu concentrations, and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 30 μm of Cu for APX and GR, at 10 μm for CAT, whereas the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were gradually increased with increasing Cu concentrations. PAGE analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1) revealed that one band is a Mn‐SOD and five bands are identified as Cu, Zn‐SOD, whereas Fe‐SOD isoforms were not found in the roots of alfalfa. Cu at 10–100 μm increased the intensity of constitutive isozymes of CAT, APX and POD, whereas it decreased the intensity of isozymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) significantly. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) were gradually augmented with increasing Cu concentrations, demonstrating that LOXs are probably involved in production of lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion. There was a continuous and pronounced enhancement in the activity of esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) in roots treated with 10–30 Cu μm , whereas EST activity in roots exposed to above 30 μm Cu declined, suggesting that EST plays a protective role under lower Cu concentrations stress.     

胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对不同施肥处理的马铃薯产量和品质的影响

以‘克新1号’马铃薯为试验材料,试验设置低、中、高3个施肥量处理,在复合肥和有机肥的基础上,每个处理中固体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂设置4个不同的梯度处理,在马铃薯块茎膨大期冲施定量的液体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂,探究增施胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对马铃薯生长指标、产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,旨在找出适合蒲县当地的科学施肥方法,为其马铃薯的高产优质生产提供理论和生产实践依据。结果表明,适量增施微生物菌剂有利于提高马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益等指标,但高浓度的微生物菌剂却抑制马铃薯的生长,在本试验中以低肥量处理下的T2组效果最佳,其株高、出苗率、维生素C含量、产量及净利润比常规施肥组分别提高了6.83%、5.31%、92.11%、27.0%和16.94%,还原糖含量降低了18.42%,是高产优质马铃薯的科学施肥配方及标准化生产技术方案。