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11.
Potato bacterial wilt in India caused by strains of phylotype I, II and IV of Ralstonia solanacearum
V. Sagar A. Jeevalatha Sarita Mian S. K. Chakrabarti M. S. Gurjar R. K. Arora S. Sharma R. R. Bakade B. P. Singh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(1):51-65
Bacterial wilt or brown rot is one of the most devastating diseases of potato caused by a bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1986) Yabuuchi et al. (Microbiol Immunol 39:897–904 1995). Traditionally, R. solanacearum is classified into five races (r) on the basis of differences in host range and six biovars (bvs) on the basis of biochemical properties. Recently using molecular methods, R.?solanacearum has been classified into phylotypes based on the intergenic transcribed sequence of the ribosomal RNA genes 16S and 23S and into sequevars based on the endoglucanase gene (egl) sequence. In the present study, 75 bacterial strains, isolated from wilt infected potatoes from various potato growing regions of India, were classified by traditional and molecular methods. The identity of all the strains was confirmed as R. solanacearum as expected single 280-bp fragment resulted in all the strains following PCR amplification using R. solanacearum specific universal primer pair 759/760. Biovar (bv) analysis, based on utilization of disaccharide sugars and hexose alcohols, categorised the 75 strains into bv2 (78.7 %), 2 T (5.3 %), 3 (5.3 %) and 4 (10.7 %). The phylotype specific multiplex PCR assigned 78.7 % strains to phylotype II, 16.0 % to phylotype I and 5.3 % to phylotype IV. Phylogenetic analysis of egl gene sequences clustered all fifty nine phylotype II (bv2) strains with reference strain IPO1609 (IIB-1), all four phylotype IV (bv2T) strains with reference strain MAFF301558 (IV-8), three phylotype I (bv3) strains with reference strain MAFF211479 (I-30) and all eight phylotype I (bv4) and one phylotype I (bv3) strain with reference strain CIP365 (I-45). The study concluded that the Indian potato strains of R. solanacearum belong to three out of four phylotypes namely: the Asian phylotype I, the American phylotype II, and the Indonesian phylotype IV. This is the first study to address the diversity of R. solanacearum from potato in India using phylotype and sequevar scheme. We also report here for the first time the occurrence of phylotype IV sequevar 8 (bv2T) strain of R. solanacearum causing potato bacterial wilt in mid hills of Meghalaya in India. 相似文献
12.
R. N. Mandal S. Kar D. N. Chattopadhyay J. Maity B. N. Paul P. P. Chakrabarti 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):70-75
ABSTRACTTubifex (Tubifex tubifex) was cultured in captivity using three different wastes: rice mill sludge (RMS), dairy sludge (DS), and raw cattle dung (RCD). Three experiments were conducted: 10, 20, and 30 days. A total of 100 g of tubifex at 62.5 g m?2 was inoculated in 1.6 m2 fiberglass-reinforced plastic tanks. Comparing all production parameters, RMS > DS > RCD. Growth rate (g m?2 d?1) did not differ among durations. RMS- and DS-fed tubifex contained higher protein and fat than RCD-fed tubifex. Efficiency on production of g tubifex per kg of waste material was highest at 10 days, declining with time for all waste materials. This experiment suggests that RMS and DS are effective wastes for tubifex culture, with total production increasing with no reduction in growth rate through 30 days, but with efficiency declining after 10 days. 相似文献
13.
D. K. Chakrabarti A. Singh K. Singh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):731-737
Accumulation of mangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside), a natural metabolite of Mangifera indica at the site of differentiating buds, influences the change from reproductive to vegetative growth. Mangiferin-induced physiological changes in M. indica have been studied and a link established between the metabolic deviations and the observed effects of mangiferin accumulation in healthy and malformed mango plants. Mangiferin in high concentration suppressed the activity of peroxidase, catalse, α-amylase and IAA-oxidase. Polyphenoloxidase and invertase showed increased activity. Mangiferin accumulation increased the rate of photosynthesis but lowered those of transpiration and respiration. Mangiferin treatment increased the contents of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and indole-3yl-acetic acid (IAA). 相似文献
14.
S. Tripathi A. Chakraborty B. K. Bandyopadhyay K. Chakrabarti 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):439-450
The studied soils were collected from a 24-year long-term fertilizer experiment with rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on tropical Typic Endoaquepts during monsoon season only. The organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) status of the soils improved with the N100P22K42 treatment than the initial values at the start of the experiment. The available P status of the soils depleted in the N100P11K22 and N0P0K0 treatments than the initial value. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and basal soil respiration (BSR), activities of urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases as well as fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activity (FDHA) were the highest in the N100P22K42 treatment. The highest percentage of MBC in OC in the N100P22K42 treatment revealed the accumulation of organic matter with an overall improvement in nutrient status of soil, since MBC is a labile pool of plant nutrients. Long-term application of fertilizers (N100P22K42) had no deleterious effect on microbial and biochemical soil quality parameters. Rice grain yields were inconsistent with N100P0K0 and N0P0K0 while that of N100P22K42, N100P11K22 and N100P22K0 increased gradually during the course of the experiment for each block period of six years. The grain yield of rice showed high significant correlation with the microbial and biochemical soil parameters. 相似文献
15.
Kumar Ravinder Tiwari Rahul Kumar Jeevalatha Arjunan Siddappa Sundaresha Shah Mohd. Abas Sharma Sanjeev Sagar Vinay Kumar Manoj Chakrabarti Swarup Kumar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(4):897-911
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Potato apical leaf curl disease (PALCD) caused by a unique bipartite virus [tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)] has emerged as a global threat.... 相似文献
16.
Raigond Baswaraj Pathania Shruti Verma Ambika Verma Gaurav Kochhar Tarvinder Chakrabarti S. K. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(4):1061-1071
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay was developed for specific detection of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-potato (ToLCNDV [potato]),... 相似文献
17.
Summary Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to distinguish and characterize 20 Indian potato cultivars. A total of
198 scorable fragments were amplified using 10 random primers, only two of which were monomorphic. Similarity values among
the cultivars ranged from 0.33 to 0.80. A primer having resolving power above 7.4 was sufficient to distinguish all 20 cultivars.
Wide variations in band profiles were observed when the same template DNA was amplified using Taq DNA polymerase from four
different sources. No significant difference in profile complexity was observed at 40°C annealing temperature with a primer
having 70% GC content. Prior restriction of template DNA resulted in band profiles whose complexity was similar to or higher
than that of unrestricted template. However, multiplex RAPD with cleaved template DNA could not increase fingerprint complexity.
Publication No. 1666, CPRI. Shimla 相似文献
18.
Apoplastic peroxidase activities were investigated in manganese-deficient and manganese-sufficient needles of field-grown Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L.). In Mn-sufficient needles, two sets of peroxidases, one with an alkaline pI >/= 9 and another with an acidic pI = 3, were identified using guaiacol or coniferylalcohol as substrates for activity staining after isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient from 3 to 9. The acidic peroxidases were capable of Mn-dependent NADH oxidation and H(2)O(2) formation. Syringaldazine peroxidase activity was not found in apoplastic extracts, but was present in whole-needle extracts. Manganese deficiency did not affect the activity or the isoelectric focusing pattern (pH 3 to 9) of the apoplastic peroxidases. Soluble peroxidase activities from whole-needle extracts were significantly higher in Mn-deficient than in Mn-sufficient needles with all substrates tested. Mn-deficient needles contained slightly less cell wall material than Mn-sufficient needles, but the lignin content was similar. Neither apoplastic peroxidase activity nor lignification was affected by Mn deficiency, suggesting that apoplastic peroxidases are regulated independently from symplastic peroxidases. 相似文献
19.
20.
Sabtanti Harimurti Binay K. Dutta Idzham Fauzi B. M. Ariff Sampa Chakrabarti Davide Vione 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,211(1-4):273-286
Alkanolamines in the wastewater from gas treating plants are not readily biodegradable. In this work, we have investigated the effectiveness of the Fenton’s reagent (H2O2-Fe2+) to treat monoethanolamine (MEA) as a model compound in simulated wastewater. Degradation studies were carried out in a jacketed glass reactor. The effects of concentrations of ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and the pH of a solution on the rate of reaction were determined. A pH of 3 was found to be the optimum. The degradation reaction proceeds very fast at the beginning but slows down significantly at a longer time. A larger fractional degradation of the organics in solution was observed if the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the feed solution was high. Gradual addition of H2O2 to the reaction mixture increased the COD removal by about 60% compared to one-time addition of the reagent at the beginning of the process. A rate equation for mineralization of the amine was developed on the basis of a simplified mechanistic model, and the lumped value of the rate constant for COD removal was determined. A partially degraded MEA solution as well as “pure” MEA was subjected to biological oxidation by activated sludge. The former substrate degraded much faster. The degradation rate and biomass generation data could be fitted by the Monod kinetic equations. 相似文献