反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂的研究与应用

选用贵州省畜牧兽医科学研究所分离鉴定和引购的无毒芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌、粪链球菌等多株益生菌 ,进行培养发酵、配方、生产工艺、主要技术指标等研究 ,研制成反刍家畜饲用微生物添加剂。用 0 2 %～ 0 4%的反刍家畜微生物添加剂对肉牛、山羊补饲精料进行 2 4h发酵处理后饲喂 ,饲养试验表明 ,试验组牛和羊比对照组可分别提高增重 1 4 5 %和 1 2 3 %。     

胭脂萝卜新品种胭脂红3号的选育

胭脂红3 号是以不育系09S77A 为母本，以自交系0484B 为父本配制而成的胭脂萝卜一代杂种。播种至收获100～120 d（天），羽状裂叶，叶片绿色，叶柄及叶脉紫红色；肉质根短圆锥形，皮紫红色，肉深红色，横径7 cm 左右，纵径8 cm 左右，单根质量250 g 左右，色素含量17‰左右；每667 m² 产量1 800 kg 左右，适宜重庆地区作色素提取和泡菜加工品种栽培。     

仔猪产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症病原诊断及疫苗研究IV．肠毒血症C型疫苗生产用菌种的确定

试验证明用单一菌株C59-2生产C型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症干粉灭活疫苗,其效力可以达到《规程》要求,并且简化了生产工艺,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。疫苗免疫的兔血清可分别中和原来3个制苗用菌株所产生的外毒素。     

干旱区绿洲农业生态经济系统结构与功能分析—以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的墨玉县为例

在分析国家和新疆自治区重点扶持的贫困县———墨玉县农业生态系统的水土资源结构、农业种群结构和产业结构的基础上,对其绿洲农业生态经济系统进行了能量流、物质流和价值流的分析。结果显示其水土资源结构不平衡、种群结构单一、产业结构不甚合理,决定了绿洲功能较差,产投比低下的特点,并据此从可持续发展的角度提出了以发展生态农业为中心,改善绿洲农业生态经济系统结构并提高其功能的对策与建议。     

金顶侧耳多糖体外抗肿瘤作用的研究

通过深层发酵获得金顶侧耳菌丝体。用水提法分别提取金顶侧耳菌丝体多糖、胞外(过滤液)多糖和全液(菌丝体 发酵液)多糖。用MTT比色法测定金顶侧耳多糖体外对小鼠S180癌细胞及人结肠低分化腺癌细胞的抑制率。结果表明,金顶侧耳胞外多糖对体外培养的S-180癌细胞有抑制作用,全液多糖和菌丝体多糖无抑制作用。这3种多糖体外对人结肠低分化腺癌细胞有抑制作用,其中金顶侧耳胞外多糖抑制率最高,全液多糖次之,菌丝体多糖最低。     

Research Progress of Fatty Acid Regulation of microRNAs in Dairy Cow Mammary Glands

Lipids are a kind of substance which can store and provide energy for animals. A large number of studies have confirmed that the change of lipids in diets can alter the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and thus affect the biological activities of the bodies. This review mainly summarizes the regulation of fatty acids on the expression of miRNAs in mammary gland of dairy cows, from the aspects of bovine mammary miRNAs expression characteristics, miRNAs that regulate milk fat synthesis, and the changed bovine mammary miRNAs in response to exogenous addition of fatty acids. All these works may be beneficial for the establishment of the connection between nutrients and mammary function, and provide information for the related research in the future.     

稻季施肥管理措施对后续麦季N2O排放的影响

2003─2004年选用江苏省宜兴市稻-麦轮作试验田,研究了水稻生长季秸杆(0和3.75×103kg/hm2两个水平)和N肥施用(N0、200和270kg/hm23个水平)对后续麦季N2O排放的影响。结果表明:稻季秸杆施用显著减少了后续麦季N2O的排放,这些减少量主要体现在小麦播种-返青期,方差分析达显著水平(P<0.05)。稻季施用N肥,后续麦季N2O排放减少,但N200和270kg/hm2N肥施用水平的处理间无显著差异。麦季土壤水分情况与N2O排放通量存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。     

不同施肥措施对潮土有机碳平衡及固碳潜力的影响

以中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站的长期定位施肥试验为研究平台,研究不同施肥措施对潮土有机C含量的影响,并利用Jenny模型对不同施肥措施下的潮土有机C动态进行模拟。结果表明,施肥措施明显改变了潮土有机C含量,并且有机肥处理的作用效果要明显优于化肥处理。不同施肥措施不仅改变了潮土有机C的平衡水平,也影响了有机C的分解速率,NPK、1/2OM和OM施肥处理的有机C平衡值分别为7.19、7.75和9.37g/kg,而分解速率分别为0.038、0.113和0.1451/a。在目前施肥模式不变的情况下,与试验初相比,达到平衡时CK处理的潮土将会损失C1478kg/hm2,而NPK、1/2OM和OM处理的潮土则会分别增加C7376、7790和12066kg/hm2。因此,可以认为施肥处理促进了潮土的C固定。     

野生硬雀麦栽培驯化研究

通过硬雀麦Bromus rigidus与3种一年生黑麦草Lolium multiflorum和莜麦Avena nuda的品种比较试验,结果表明:硬雀麦产草量达76 095.0 kg/hm2,仅次于阿伯德多花黑麦草(77 589.0 kg/hm2),略高于邦德一年生黑麦草(74 212.5 kg/hm2),三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);高于赣选1号多花黑麦草(67 033.5 kg/hm2)和莜麦(66 697.5 kg/hm2),差异极显著(P<0.01)。硬雀麦的播种量以73.3125 kg/hm2,行距15 cm为最佳,平均产量可达98 227.5 kg/hm2。硬雀麦可作为过渡带冬闲田种植的优良牧草。     

地理信息技术支持下中国三峡典型区植被变化预测的试验研究

A computerized parametric methodology was applied to monitor, map, and estimate vegetation change in combination with ＂3S＂ （RS--remote sensing, GIS--geographic information systems, and GPS---global positioning system） technology and change detection techniques at a 1：50 000 mapping scale in the Letianxi Watershed of western Hubei Province, China. Satellite images （Landsat TM 1997 and Landsat ETM 2002） and thematic maps were used to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and land use change. With ER Mapper and ERDAS software, the normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was computed and then classified into six vegetation density classes. ARC/INFO and ArcView software were used along with field observation data by GPS for analysis. Results obtained using spatial analysis methods showed that NDVI was a valuable first cut indicator for vegetation and land use systems. A regression analysis revealed that NDVI explained 94.5% of the variations for vegetation cover in the largest vegetation area, indicating that the relationship between vegetation and NDVI was not a simple linear process. Vegetation cover increased in four of areas. This meant 60.9% of land area had very slight to slight vegetation change, while 39.1% had moderate to severe vegetation change. Thus, the study area, in general, was exposed to a high risk of vegetation cover change.