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71.
Equivalent effects of snake PLA2 neurotoxins and lysophospholipid-fatty acid mixtures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rigoni M Caccin P Gschmeissner S Koster G Postle AD Rossetto O Schiavo G Montecucco C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5754):1678-1680
Snake presynaptic phospholipase A2 neurotoxins (SPANs) paralyze the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Upon intoxication, the NMJ enlarges and has a reduced content of synaptic vesicles, and primary neuronal cultures show synaptic swelling with surface exposure of the lumenal domain of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin I. Concomitantly, these neurotoxins induce exocytosis of neurotransmitters. We found that an equimolar mixture of lysophospholipids and fatty acids closely mimics all of the biological effects of SPANs. These results draw attention to the possible role of local lipid changes in synaptic vesicle release and provide new tools for the study of exocytosis. 相似文献
72.
Arendt AA Echelmeyer KA Harrison WD Lingle CS Valentine VB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5580):382-386
We have used airborne laser altimetry to estimate volume changes of 67 glaciers in Alaska from the mid-1950s to the mid-1990s. The average rate of thickness change of these glaciers was -0.52 m/year. Extrapolation to all glaciers in Alaska yields an estimated total annual volume change of -52 +/- 15 km3/year (water equivalent), equivalent to a rise in sea level (SLE) of 0.14 +/- 0.04 mm/year. Repeat measurements of 28 glaciers from the mid-1990s to 2000-2001 suggest an increased average rate of thinning, -1.8 m/year. This leads to an extrapolated annual volume loss from Alaska glaciers equal to -96 +/- 35 km3/year, or 0.27 +/- 0.10 mm/year SLE, during the past decade. These recent losses are nearly double the estimated annual loss from the entire Greenland Ice Sheet during the same time period and are much higher than previously published loss estimates for Alaska glaciers. They form the largest glaciological contribution to rising sea level yet measured. 相似文献
73.
Anthony Winson 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):499-511
To understand the phenomenon of the rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obese children and youth, it is especially
important to examine the school food environment, the role of structural factors in shaping this environment, and the resulting
nutrition and health outcomes. The paper examines research on school food environments in the US and Canada. It notes evidence
of widespread availability of poor nutrition products in both environments and delineates reasons for the situation, and examines
initiatives presently being undertaken in a number of jurisdictions in both countries to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Empirical data are presented from a pilot study of high schools in the Canadian province of Ontario. The study documents the
extent of student purchasing of nutrient-poor foods and beverages, and the structural factors internal and external to the
school that appear responsible for the availability of such products in food environments in this critical institutional sphere.
The paper also examines positive local initiatives in high schools that seek to encourage healthy eating in schools.
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
Anthony WinsonEmail: |
Anthony Winson PhD is a professor in the department of sociology and anthropology at the University of Guelph. He has written on agriculture, food and rural development, and restructuring issues related to Canada and the Third World for more than 20 years. Among his books are The Intimate Commodity: Food and the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex in Canada (Garamond 1993) and, more recently, Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives (University of Toronto 2002, with Belinda Leach) which examines economic restructuring, the changing world of work, and the factors underlying sustainability in small manufacturing-dependent rural communities in several regions of Ontario. This book won the John Porter Book Prize of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association for 2003. Dr. Winson’s current work is focused on the analysis of factors shaping the contemporary Canadian food environment and their role in producing what has been termed the “epidemic of obesity.” Particular attention is being paid to supermarkets and schools as part of broader-ranging research on the political economic context of the food environment. 相似文献
74.
Abrahamsen B Zhao J Asante CO Cendan CM Marsh S Martinez-Barbera JP Nassar MA Dickenson AH Wood JN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5889):702-705
Peripheral pain pathways are activated by a range of stimuli. We used diphtheria toxin to kill all mouse postmitotic sensory neurons expressing the sodium channel Nav1.8. Mice showed normal motor activity and low-threshold mechanical and acute noxious heat responses but did not respond to noxious mechanical pressure or cold. They also showed a loss of enhanced pain responses and spontaneous pain behavior upon treatment with inflammatory insults. In contrast, nerve injury led to heightened pain sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli indistinguishable from that seen with normal littermates. Pain behavior correlates well with central input from sensory neurons measured electrophysiologically in vivo. These data demonstrate that Na(v)1.8-expressing neurons are essential for mechanical, cold, and inflammatory pain but not for neuropathic pain or heat sensing. 相似文献
75.
Anesthesia of Artemia larvae: method for quantitative study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A B Robinson K F Manly M P Anthony J F Catchpool L Pauling 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1965,149(689):1255-1258
Potency of anesthetics is quantitatively measured with laboratory-hatched larvae of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Statistical fluctuations are minimized in that 100,000 animals are used to determine a single median anesthetic dose value. The technique was developed to study molecular mechanisms of general anesthesia. 相似文献
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78.
The Gilbert Ridge and Tokelau Seamounts are the only seamount trails in the Pacific Ocean with a sharp 60 degrees bend, similar to the Hawaii-Emperor bend (HEB). These two bends should be coeval with the 47-million-year-old HEB if they were formed by stationary hot spots, and assuming Pacific plate motion only. New 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that the bends in the Gilbert Ridge and Tokelau seamount trail were formed much earlier than the HEB at 67 and 57 million years ago, respectively. Such asynchronous bends cannot be reconciled with the stationary hot spot paradigm, possibly suggesting hot spot motion or magmatism caused by short-term local lithospheric extension. 相似文献
79.
Harris AC Kamenetsky VS White NC van Achterbergh E Ryan CG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5653):2109-2111
At a porphyry copper-gold deposit in Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina, silicate-melt inclusions coexist with hypersaline liquid- and vapor-rich inclusions in the earliest magmatic-hydrothermal quartz veins. Copper concentrations of the hypersaline liquid and vapor inclusions reached maxima of 10.0 weight % (wt %) and 4.5 wt %, respectively. These unusually copper-rich inclusions are considered to be the most primitive ore fluid found thus far. Their preservation with coexisting melt allows for the direct quantification of important oreforming processes, including determination of bulk partition coefficients of metals from magma into ore-forming magmatic volatile phases. 相似文献
80.