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111.
Vialatte Aude Barnaud Cecile Blanco Julien Ouin Annie Choisis Jean-Philippe Andrieu Emilie Sheeren David Ladet Sylvie Deconchat Marc Clément Floriane Esquerré Diane Sirami Clelia 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1653-1673
Landscape Ecology - While the concept of ecosystem services (ES) is well established in the scientific and policy arenas, its operationalization faces many challenges. Indeed, ES supply, demand and... 相似文献
112.
Khawla Tlili Pierre Labadie Fabrice Alliot Catherine Bourges Annie Desportes Marc Chevreuil 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1543-1553
This study reports on the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) atmospheric dynamics in the dense urban environment of downtown
Paris (France). Eight PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, BDE-154, BDE-153, BDE-183 and BDE-209) were simultaneously
analysed in bulk and wet atmospheric deposition, as well as in ambient air (gaseous/particulate phases), twice a month over
a 12-month period (May 2008–May 2009). The total air concentration of Σ 8PBDEs ranged between 12 and 185 pg m−3, and the seasonal variations of PBDE levels were controlled by air temperature (except for BDE-209). Regarding bulk deposition,
Σ 8PBDE flux was in the range 5–94 ng m−2 day−1, and it was positively correlated with atmospheric particulate phase PBDE concentrations. Meanwhile, the measured wet deposition
flux of Σ 8PBDE ranged between 2 and 24 ng m−2 day−1, and its median contribution to bulk deposition was 39% only, which highlights the importance of dry deposition. 相似文献
113.
114.
Neil A. Bryant Adam S. Rash Colin A. Russell Julie Ross Annie Cooke Samantha Bowman Shona MacRae Nicola S. Lewis Romain Paillot Reto Zanoni Hanspeter Meier Lowri A. Griffiths Janet M. Daly Ashish Tiwari Thomas M. Chambers J. Richard Newton Debra M. Elton 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):41-52
Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe. 相似文献
115.
Sylvie Augustin Neil Boonham Willem J. De Kogel Pierre Donner Massimo Faccoli David C. Lees Lorenzo Marini Nicola Mori Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo Serge Quilici Alain Roques Annie Yart Andrea Battisti 《EPPO Bulletin》2012,42(3):515-551
This paper provides reviews of the most commonly used methods to detect plant pests belonging to groups of invasive organisms with high economic relevance, including Coleoptera (bark beetles, flathead borers, leaf beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils), Diptera (cone and seed flies, fruit flies), Homoptera (aphids, leafhoppers and psyllids, whiteflies), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Thysanoptera (thrips), bacteria (potato brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungi (pitch canker disease Gibberella circinata, brown rot disease Monilinia fructicola). Future perspectives in detection methods are discussed, with particular reference to the considerable increase in the volume, commodity type and origins of trade in plant material from third countries, the introduction of new crops, the continuous expansion of the EU with new border countries being added, and the impact of climate change affecting the geographical boundaries of pests and their vectors. 相似文献
116.
Crismani W Girard C Froger N Pradillo M Santos JL Chelysheva L Copenhaver GP Horlow C Mercier R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1588-1590
The number of meiotic crossovers (COs) is tightly regulated within a narrow range, despite a large excess of molecular precursors. The factors that limit COs remain largely unknown. Here, using a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified the highly conserved FANCM helicase, which is required for genome stability in humans and yeasts, as a major factor limiting meiotic CO formation. The fancm mutant has a threefold-increased CO frequency as compared to the wild type. These extra COs arise not from the pathway that accounts for most of the COs in wild type, but from an alternate, normally minor pathway. Thus, FANCM is a key factor imposing an upper limit on the number of meiotic COs, and its manipulation holds much promise for plant breeding. 相似文献
117.
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that will further develop to cirrhosis if severe damage continues to form. A potential treatment for liver fibrosis is to inhibit activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and, subsequently, to induce HSC apoptosis. It has been reported that antioxidants are able to inhibit the proliferation of HSCs. In this study, the aqueous extract of spirulina was chosen as the source of antioxidant to investigate the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HSC. The growth inhibitory effects of aqueous spirulina and chlorella extract on human liver cancer cells, HepG2, were also studied and compared in pairs. Results indicated that the total phenol content of spirulina was almost five times greater than that of chlorella (6.86 +/- 0.58 vs 1.44 +/- 0.04 mg tannic acid equivalent/g of algae powder, respectively). The antioxidant activity of spirulina determined by the ABTS*+ method was higher than chlorella (EC50: 72.44 +/- 0.24 micromol of trolox equivalent/g of spirulina extract vs 56.09 +/- 1.99 micromol of trolox equivalent/g of chlorella extract). Results of DPPH* assay also showed a similar trend as the ABTS*+ assay (EC50: 19.39 +/- 0.65 micromol of ascorbic acid equivalent/g of spirulina extract vs 14.04 +/- 1.06 micromol of ascorbic acid equivalent/g of chlorella extract). The aqueous extracts of these two algae both showed antiproliferative effects on HSC and HepG2, but spirulina was a stronger inhibitor than chlorella. Annexin-V staining showed that aqueous extract of spirulina induced apoptosis of HSC after 12 h of treatment. In addition, the aqueous extract of spirulina triggered a cell cycle arrest of HSC at the G2/M phase. 相似文献
118.
119.
The maximum intensity of flavor release increased as the weight of food introduced into the mouth (the bolus) was increased for a range of different foods. The relationship was not directly proportional (1:1) but followed a power law function. Low-fat (< or = 1 g/100 g) foods showed a different relationship than high-fat (> or = 5 g/100 g) foods, but all low-fat and all high-fat foods were broadly similar irrespective of food type or flavor molecule chemistry. For low-fat foods the intensity of flavor release increased with increasing bolus weight to a greater extent than high-fat foods. This may be associated with the capacity of fat to selectively adhere to the surfaces of the oral cavity, thereby changing the effective surface area for the release of lipophilic flavors. 相似文献
120.
Renerre M Poncet K Mercier Y Gatellier P Métro B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):237-244
The aim of this study was to better understand the effects of more or less unsaturated fat source (tallow/soy oil/rapeseed oil) and/or vitamin E dietary supplementation (200 ppm) on the antioxidant status (at day 1 post-mortem) of turkey muscles [pectoralis major (Pm) and sartorius (S)]. More particularly, when turkeys were fed tallow, supplementation was sufficient to improve significantly the vitamin E status. Feeding rapeseed oil increased the antioxidant enzyme (AOE) activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathion reductase), glutathione concentration, and value from the benzoic acid test. Dietary soy oil increased glutathione peroxidase activity, compared to other dietary fat sources. With tallow, most of AOE activities were lower than with rapeseed or soy oil. Whatever the feeding mode, vitamin E supplementation did not affect the AOE activities, glutathione concentration, or values from the benzoic acid test. AOE activities were always higher in the oxidative S muscle than in the glycolytic Pm muscle. After feeding tallow, 9 days of storage increased TBA-RS and carbonyl contents, whereas the activity of many antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant activity (TEAC test and benzoic acid test) decreased. 相似文献