斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景

本文综述了我国进境原木上截获的主要害虫类群；总结了目前进境原木害虫的检疫处理技术；重点介绍了斯氏线虫Steinernema sp．对钻蛀性害虫的防治研究，探讨了斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景，提出了应用斯氏线虫防治进境原木害虫所存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Physical and hydraulic properties of baked ceramic aggregates used for plant growth medium.

Baked ceramic aggregates (fritted clay, arcillite) have been used for plant research both on the ground and in microgravity. Optimal control of water and air within the root zone in any gravity environment depends on physical and hydraulic properties of the aggregate, which were evaluated for 0.25-1-mm and 1-2-mm particle size distributions. The maximum bulk densities obtained by any packing technique were 0.68 and 0.64 g cm-3 for 0.25-1-mm and 1-2-mm particles, respectively. Wettable porosity obtained by infiltration with water was approximately 65%, substantially lower than total porosity of approximately 74%. Aggregate of both particle sizes exhibited a bimodal pore size distribution consisting of inter-aggregate macropores and intra-aggregate micropores, with the transition from macro- to microporosity beginning at volumetric water content of approximately 36% to 39%. For inter-aggregate water contents that support optimal plant growth there is 45% change in water content that occurs over a relatively small matric suction range of 0-20 cm H2O for 0.25-1-mm and 0 to -10 cm H2O for 1-2-mm aggregate. Hysteresis is substantial between draining and wetting aggregate, which results in as much as a approximately 10% to 20% difference in volumetric water content for a given matric potential. Hydraulic conductivity was approximately an order of magnitude higher for 1-2-mm than for 0.25-1-mm aggregate until significant drainage of the inter-aggregate pore space occurred. The large change in water content for a relatively small change in matric potential suggests that significant differences in water retention may be observed in microgravity as compared to earth.     

Cytocompatibiltiy of degradable calcium metaphosphate with human marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To screen the cytotoxicity of degradable calcium metaphosphate (dCMP) compared with hydroxyapatite (HA). The proliferation and differentiation abilities of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were used to exhibit the cytotoxicity. METHODS: The cell morphology of MSC was analysed after direct contact with dCMP at different time points by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The degradation products of dCMP and HA were analysed with inductively coupled plasma torch and ion chromatography. The cytotoxic effect of degradation products of dCMP was evaluated by FACS, quantitative assay of ALP and ARS, respectively. RESULTS: dCMP enhanced the proliferation of MSC, but didn't interfere the osteogenic differentiation process of MSC and its mineralization. HA inhibited the proliferation of MSC and the mineralization of osteogenic differentiated MSC, while it did not interfere the osteogenic differentiation process of MSC. CONCLUSION: dCMP had a better cytocompatibility with MSC than HA, which might allow for its use as skeleton scaffolds.     

基于GIS与马尔可夫模型的渭河盆地景观动态变化研究

基于1988年与2003年两期TM影像,综合遥感与GIS技术以及景观生态学理论,深入分析了渭河盆地景观变化的数量和空间特征以及由此所引起的一系列生态环境效应,主要表现在:耕地、园地与城镇建设用地面积显著增加,林地、水体和未利用地面积呈减少趋势,城镇建设用地的增加是以侵占大量农田为代价的,而园地与耕地的增加则主要是通过开荒的方式。景观形状趋于复杂,破碎度降低,异质性下降,景观类型有向单一化或非均衡化方向发展的趋势,表明人类的开发活动增强,这样必然导致景观稳定性下降,因而降低了景观抗干扰的能力。最后采用马尔可夫模型对景观的变化趋势进行了预测。     

粤西地区冬季辣椒病毒病发生与防治

冬季辣椒病毒病主要受辣椒品种、气候条件、椒田环境及栽培管理等因素的影响。尖椒品种较圆 (甜 )椒品种的抗病性强 ,青皮尖椒较黄皮尖椒的抗病性强 ;冬季高温干旱 ,病害发生早而且严重 ,扩展速度快 ;椒田在林区或蔗地旁 ,其病害发生较在平原地的椒田普遍严重。在病毒病发生初期 ,及时防治传毒介体 ,用3.85%病毒毖克等药剂连续防治 2～3次 ,对抑制病毒病的扩展蔓延有较好的效果。     

水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗性机理

对水稻品种抗白背飞虱的抗生反应及植株体内化学成分与抗性关系进行了探讨。结果表明，在抗生性反应中，抗性品种Ptb33、N22、Mudgo、包选2号、南京14、HA79317使白背飞虱取食量减少、成活率降低、繁殖少、发育慢等一系列不良现象，导致种群数量下降。抗性水稻体内游离氨基酸总量、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸及可溶性糖等营养成分含量和白背飞虱取食率极相关，相关系数为0．809－0．916。抗、感植株体内单宁、草酸含量没有显著差异，而次生代谢物苯酚含量却差异明显。因此，抗性水稻体内游离氨基酸总量及可溶性糖等含量低和苯酚含量高可能是抗生性主要因素之一。     

三唑酮种衣剂对小麦白粉菌侵染和非侵染位点硅等元素含量的影响

 借助扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱分析方法从超微结构和元素水平观测了三唑酮种衣剂包衣处理和空白对照的小麦幼苗上白粉病菌侵染及非侵染位点硅等元素含量的变化。结果表明,接种后20~36 h内三唑酮种衣剂处理的麦苗侵染位点细胞内元素硅含量由5.204%上升为42.064%,非侵染位点由5.821%上升为12.342%;空白对照中侵染位点元素硅含量由低于检测水平上升为17.388%,非侵染位点接种后36 h时为19.460%。在处理和空白对照的麦苗上侵染和非侵染位点均检测到了含量不等的磷、硫、氯等元素存在。     

禾谷镰刀菌接种小麦幼芽及致病力鉴定的初步研究

 由镰刀菌引起的赤霉病是危害小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦等禾谷类作物的一种重要病害,广泛分布于世界温暖潮湿地区。在我国赤霉病发病区,禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schwabe)是主要致病菌。     

林间释放平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾研究

笔者于1999－2000年在城口银杏大蚕蛾发生区释放用其卵繁育的平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾，结果表明：放蜂区虫卵寄生率明显提高，其校正寄生率为69.30%，是一种可利用的天敌昆虫。可在银杏大蚕蛾发生区内推广应用。     

节瓜蓟马的新天敌——中华微刺盲蝽

首次发现中华微刺盲蝽Campylomma chinensis Schwh捕食节瓜蓟马Thrips palmi Karny且对田间节瓜蓟马种群数量的减少起重要作用。本文研究了该虫的形态特征、捕食过程和取食范围。结果表明中华微刺盲蝽为多食性昆虫，能取食多种小型昆虫及多种昆虫的卵：在田间，中华微刺盲蝽与节瓜蓟马数量的跟随现象明显；通过释入盲蝽，能使节瓜蓟马种群数量减少。