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81.
Anna Kozłowska-Makulska Jerzy Syller Marek S. Szyndel Olivier Lemaire Salah Bouzoubaa Etienne Herrbach 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(2):337-341
Different field isolates of the ‘beet poleroviruses’ Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) collected in France and Poland were evaluated for transmissibility from and to sugar beet plants by different aphid species.
In general, both BMYV and BChV were efficiently transmitted by Myzus persicae and by a French clone of Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In contrast, transmissibility of the two poleroviruses by an English clone of M. euphorbiae was evidently weaker, although the aphid samples contained the virus as demonstrated by RT-PCR. None of the BMYV or BChV
isolates was transmitted by Aphis fabae or Myzus ascalonicus. In attempting to correlate biological properties with molecular variations, the RT proteins were sequenced. Some amino acid
point variations, presumably affecting aphid transmissibility, were identified. 相似文献
82.
Khalid Elhindi Nasser Al-Suhaibani Salah El-Hendawy Fahad Al-Mana 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2018,64(2):238-243
ABSTRACT The need for salinity resistance in turfgrass is increasing because of the enhanced use of effluent and other low-quality water for turfgrass irrigation. Although most turfgrasses form an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) symbiosis, there is little information on the mycorrhization of turfgrass species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of three AMF species, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann, and Glomus deserticola Trappe & John, and a mixture thereof on the growth, productivity, and nutrient uptake of two species of cool-season turfgrasses, Challenger Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and Arid tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and to relate the effects to colonization of the roots by mycorrhiza to assess the dependency of the plants (mycorrhizal dependency [MD]). Following the experimental period (4 months) and measurements, the mycorrhizal inoculated plants had significantly greater biomass production compared to that of non-inoculated plants. MD and shoot mineral contents (particularly P) differed among turfgrass hosting AMF, and the highest value (13%) occurred for P. pratensis and F. arundinacea seedlings colonized with G. intraradices and G. deserticola, respectively. The P content was highest for the F. arundinacea/mixed AMF combination compared to other treatments. We confirmed that mycorrhizal inoculation (P. pratensis/G. intraradices and F. arundinacea/mixed AMF combinations) enhanced plant productivity and nutrient uptake (especially P) even under non-optimum conditions. 相似文献
83.
84.
The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella from apparently healthy slaughtered camels in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 714 samples (faeces, mesenteric, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles) from 119 slaughtered camels were analysed. Salmonellae were detected from 116 (16.2%) of the 714 samples examined. Eighteen (15.1%) faeces, 19 (15.9%) mesenteric lymph nodes, 14 (11.8%) livers and 17 (14.3%) spleen samples (n = 119 for each) were positive for Salmonella. Salmonellae were found in 20.1% of the abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles. A total of sixteen different serotypes were identified of which Salmonella saintpaul (38.8%) and S. braenderup (22.4%) were the most prevalent followed by S. muenchen (8.6%), S. kottbus (6.0%) and S. havana (5.2%). Other serotypes, including S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis were also detected from Ethiopian camels. 相似文献
85.
Thabti F Fronzaroli L Dlissi E Guibert JM Hammami S Pepin M Russo P 《Veterinary research》2002,33(1):35-45
Pestiviruses have been isolated from live sheep pox Tunisian vaccines. Vaccination with these vaccines caused outbreaks of Border Disease in Tunisia. In order to study more precisely the pathogenicity of these isolates, three groups of eight four month old lambs from a pestivirus-free flock were infected by the intratracheal route with a French strain (AV) and two Tunisian isolates (SN3G and Lot21). Clinical, hematological, immunological and virological parameters were evaluated. The three groups developed mild fever and leucopaenia by day 3 to 6 post infection (pi). The differences in the weight curves were not significant. Viruses were isolated from the peripheral blood buffy coat cells by day 4 to 9 pi. Antibodies were present on day 16 pi following infection by the French strain and on day 21 pi with the Tunisian isolates. The results demonstrated that SN3G and Lot21 are almost similar to the French strain used as the reference strain. In field conditions, they could induce economical losses in naive flocks, alone or in association with other pathogens. 相似文献
86.
Huthaifa Salah Ababneh Mustafa Mohammed Kheir Ababneh Wael Mahmoud Hananeh Fawzi Mohammad Alsheyab Khaleel Ibraheem Jawasreh Moath Ahmad Al-Gharaibeh Mohammed Mahmoud Ababneh 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1407-1412
Chlamydophila abortus (Ch. abortus) is the etiological agent of ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) and one of the most common infectious agents of abortion in small ruminants worldwide. RFLP-PCR analysis of the outer membrane protein gene (OMP2 gene) was used for diagnosis and characterization of chlamydial causes of abortion in small ruminants in Jordan. Sixty-six placental tissues and 15 vaginal swabs were collected from aborted ewes and does to identify cause of abortion in Jordan. Thirty-eight placental samples (58 %) and 13 vaginal swabs (87 %) were positive for chlamydial DNA. Shedding of bacteria in vaginal swabs was detected within 7 days after abortion. The results of this study showed that chlamydiosis is one of the important causes of abortion in small ruminants in Jordan. In addition, vaginal swab is an excellent sample for molecular diagnosis of chlamydiosis. DNA sequencing and RFLP analysis of the OMP2 reveal that all chlamydial cause of abortion in small ruminants in Jordan are due to Ch. abortus. While, Ch. pecorum was not detected in any sample. OMP2 gene of the isolated Jordanian strain was identical (100 %) to Ch. abortus FAS strain. In conclusion, Ch. abortus is an important cause of abortion in Jordan; vaginal swab within 7 days of abortion can be used for molecular diagnosis of chlamydiosis in small ruminants. 相似文献
87.
S. Ceccarelli S. Grando E. Bailey A. Amri M. El-Felah F. Nassif S. Rezgui A. Yahyaoui 《Euphytica》2001,122(3):521-536
The paper describes experiments on farmer participation in plant breeding conducted in three countries (Morocco, Syria and
Tunisia) on barley, which is the predominant annual rainfed crop in the most marginal areas of these countries. Trials with
different types and number of breeding material were planted both on research stations and in farmers' fields. Selection was
done by professional breeders and farmers and data were gathered on breeders' and farmers' selection criteria and selection
efficiency. The trials reflected the situation of the crop in the three countries, with high yields on station, low yields
in some of the most marginal farmers' fields, and poor correlations between research stations and farmers' fields, as well
as between farmers' fields. Grain yield was by far the most commonly used selection criterion by the farmers. However, farmers
also made a widespread use of selection criteria not normally used by breeders such as grain filling and straw yield, as well
as other characteristics of the straw (color) and of the leaves because of the importance of the crop as source of animal
feed. A major difference between the selection criteria used by breeders and farmers was disease resistance, almost entirely
neglected by the latter. Farmer selection was effective in identifying some of the highest yielding lines in the farmers'
own fields and also in those cases where they performed selection on station. The coincidence between entries selected by
the breeder and the farmers was high in Morocco but very low in Syria and Tunisia. There were substantial differences between
the lines selected by the breeders on station and those selected by farmers in their fields. In Syria, decentralized-participatory
selection was significantly more efficient in identifying the highest yielding entries in farmers' fields than any other selection
strategy. This work demonstrates that it is possible to organize a plant breeding program so that farmers become major actors
in the selection of new cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
88.
Khalil Mohamed Salah Abd El-Aziz Mahmoud Hamdy Selim Rasha El-Sayed 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,163(4):799-812
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have been reported to be responsible for large economic losses of agricultural crops due to their wide host range and... 相似文献
89.
Amel M. El Asely Rasha M. Reda Ayman S. Salah Mohamed A. Mahmoud Mahmoud A. O. Dawood 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1154-1163
The optimum water temperature required for the normal growth of Nile tilapia is 25–30°C. In this study, tilapia was reared under suboptimal temperature (21.50 ± 1.50°C) and fed four diets with fish oil (FO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SFO) and linseed oil (LnO) for 8 weeks. The results revealed improved final weight, average daily gain and intestinal amylase activity in the LnO group compared to FO and SFO groups (p < .05). The feed intake was increased significantly in FO and LnO groups compared to CO and SFO groups, while the feed conversion ratio was increased in the FO group (p < .05). The CO, SFO and LnO diets resulted in higher carcass lipids than fish fed FO, while CO decreased the ash content (p < .05). The growth hormone was significantly lowered by LnO, followed by SFO, while CO improved the serum alkaline phosphatase activity (p < .05). Glutathione peroxidase enhanced in fish fed SFO, while the lowest activities were recorded in fish fed FO (p < .05). Total superoxide dismutase was significantly elevated by CO and LnO when compared with fish fed FO and SFO (p < .05). Substituting FO with vegetable oils had normal intestinal and liver histological appearance. It could be concluded that substituting FO with either CO or LnO for Nile tilapia could maintain the normal growth performance and feed utilization with enhanced antioxidant capacity under suboptimal temperature. 相似文献
90.
Saber Abdelkader Saïdi Mohamed Salah Azaza Abdelwaheb Abdelmouleh Jos van Pelt Mohamed Mejdeddine Kraïem Abdelfattah El‐Feki 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1875-1886
A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with a tuna by‐product meal (TBM) on the growth, feed efficiency, carcass composition and stress oxidative status of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.). Triplicate groups of fish (2.21 ± 0.01 g) were fed on four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets. The control diet (A0) used FM as the sole source of animal protein. In the other three diets (A10–A30), 33%–100% of FM was substituted by TBM at 10% increments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among fish fed on diets A0, A10 and A20. Fish fed these experimental diets (i.e., A0, A10 and A20) showed significantly (P<0.05) better daily mass gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio than those fed on diet A30. Feed conversion ratio increased with increasing TBM content, but only the value found in fish fed on diet A30 differed significantly (P<0.05) from the other treatments. The fish accumulated increasing quantities of lipids and decreasing levels of ash in their carcasses with increasing levels of dietary TBM. At the end of the experimental period, a significant increase (P<0.001) in catalase and glutathione S‐transferase activities was seen only in groups fed on diet A30. Similarly, a significant enhancement in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed in groups fed on diets A20 and A30 compared with the other groups. The results show that this product can be included up to 20% in practical Nile tilapia diets without any detrimental effects. 相似文献