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111.
Variation in daily activity patterns facilitates temporal partitioning of habitat and resources among species. Knowledge of temporal niche partitioning in paleobiological systems has been limited by the difficulty of obtaining reliable information about activity patterns from fossils. On the basis of an analysis of scleral ring and orbit morphology in 33 archosaurs, including dinosaurs and pterosaurs, we show that the eyes of Mesozoic archosaurs were adapted to all major types of diel activity (that is, nocturnal, diurnal, and cathemeral) and provide concrete evidence of temporal niche partitioning in the Mesozoic. Similar to extant amniotes, flyers were predominantly diurnal; terrestrial predators, at least partially, nocturnal; and large herbivores, cathemeral. These similarities suggest that ecology drives the evolution of diel activity patterns. 相似文献
112.
Atsuo IIDA Hitoshi TAKEMAE Ronald TARIGAN Ryosuke KOBAYASHI Hirokazu KATO Hiroshi SHIMODA Tsutomu OMATSU Supratikno Chaerul BASRI Ni Luh Putu Ika MAYASARI Srihadi AGUNGPRIYONO Ken MAEDA Tetsuya MIZUTANI Eiichi HONDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1068
Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on six large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) collected in Indonesia. Seventy-five virus species in the liver tissue of each specimen were listed. Viral homologous sequences in the bat genome were identified from the listed viruses. This finding provides collateral evidence of viral endogenization into the host genome. We found that two of the six specimens bore partial sequences that were homologous to the plant pathogens Geminiviridae and Luteoviridae. These sequences were absent in the P. vampyrus chromosomal sequences. Hence, plant viral homologous sequences were localized to the hepatocytes as extrachromosomal DNA fragments. Therefore, this suggests that the bat is a potential carrier or vector of plant viruses. The present investigation on wild animals offered novel perspectives on viral invasion, variation, and host interaction. 相似文献
113.
Murata K Nii R Sasaki E Ishikawa S Sato Y Sawabe K Tsuda Y Matsumoto R Suda A Ueda M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):203-205
An adult male white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo exhibited lethargy and emaciation. Microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed a haemosporidian parasitic infection. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the parasite, it was identified as Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare. This is the first report of P. juxtanucleare infection in bird species belonging to the genus Crossoptilon. Caution against avian malaria infection is required for the conservation of endangered bird species in zoos. 相似文献
114.
Because edible canna is approximately 3-m tall in its latter growth stage, strong winds such as by typhoons can induce plant lodging and cause severe damage to it. To improve our previous estimations that the 1-m dwarfing of a plant mitigated 10–20% by strong wind (external force) and 50% by own weight (internal force), respectively, we re-examined these parameters in relation to rhizome yield for field-grown plants. From early middle growth stage (July–August) of edible canna, the perpendicularly projected area of above-ground biomass increased rapidly due to rapid shoot elongation. After the middle growth stage (September), the stock base radius increased and shoot inclination angle decreased until the latter growth stage (November) gradually, indicating a disturbed architecture and easy lodging. Throughout the growth period, we observed no radial, directional difference in the leaf area distribution. Increase in the distance between the ground surface and the center of gravity of shoot weight and decrease in the shoot inclination increased the components of the internal force. The easiness to fall down (percentage own-weight invasion moment) of plant became maximal in the latter growth stage. We conclude that approximately 50-cm dwarfing of the plant with minimal loss of rhizome yield (as low as approximately 20%) and the maintenance of lodging tolerance is optimal. In such a situation, both external and internal forces are mitigated by approximately 30%. 相似文献
115.
Giacomo Zaccone Gioele Capillo Jorge Manuel Oliveira Fernandes Viswanath Kiron Eugenia Rita Lauriano Alessio Alesci Patrizia Lo Cascio Maria Cristina Guerrera Michal Kuciel Krystyna Zuwala Jose Manuel Icardo Atsushi Ishimatsu Ryosuke Murata Takafumi Amagai Antonino German Marialuisa Aragona 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widespread in nature and possess antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Due to their multifunctional properties, these peptides are a focus of growing body of interest and have been characterized in several fish species. Due to their similarities in amino-acid composition and amphipathic design, it has been suggested that neuropeptides may be directly involved in the innate immune response against pathogen intruders. In this review, we report the molecular characterization of the fish-specific AMP piscidin1, the production of an antibody raised against this peptide and the immunohistochemical identification of this peptide and enkephalins in the neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in the gill of several teleost fish species living in different habitats. In spite of the abundant literature on Piscidin1, the biological role of this peptide in fish visceral organs remains poorly explored, as well as the role of the neuropeptides in neuroimmune interaction in fish. The NECs, by their role as sensors of hypoxia changes in the external environments, in combination with their endocrine nature and secretion of immunomodulatory substances would influence various types of immune cells that contain piscidin, such as mast cells and eosinophils, both showing interaction with the nervous system. The discovery of piscidins in the gill and skin, their diversity and their role in the regulation of immune response will lead to better selection of these immunomodulatory molecules as drug targets to retain antimicrobial barrier function and for aquaculture therapy in the future. 相似文献
116.
Ryosuke SAKUMOTO Ken-Go HAYASHI Kosuke IGA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2022,68(1):62
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of continuous administration of linoleic acid or linolenic acid into the intra-uterine horn, ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, on the duration of the estrous cycle and plasma progesterone (P4) concentration. The effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on bovine uterine and luteal functions were also studied using a tissue culture system. Intra-uterine administration of linoleic or linolenic acid (5 mg/10 ml of each per day) in cows, between days 12 and 21, resulted in a prolonged estrous cycle compared to the average duration of the last one to three estrous cycles before administration in each group (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma P4 concentration in cows treated with linoleic or linolenic acid was high between days 19 and 21 (linoleic acid), or on day 20 (linolenic acid), compared to that of the control cows (saline administration; P < 0.05 or lower). Both linoleic (500 µg/ml) and linolenic (5 and 500 µg/ml) acids stimulated prostaglandin (PG) E2 but inhibited PGF2α production by cultured endometrial tissue (P < 0.01), while P4 production by cultured luteal tissue was not affected. These findings suggest that both linoleic and linolenic acids support luteal P4 production by regulating endometrial PG production and, subsequently, prolonging the duration of the estrous cycle in cows. 相似文献