Aquaculture and poverty alleviation in Ben Tre Province,Vietnam

Research results on the effects of aquaculture on poverty alleviation have been mixed. We use Tobit, simulation models and cross sectional survey data of 285 households, in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam, to evaluate the effects of aquaculture involvement on poverty, measured using per capita consumption of less than $1.25 USD, $1.50, and $2.00 per day. The results show for per capita consumption of less than $1.25 per day that households’ aquaculture participation or productivity had no or little effect on the living standard. For income levels above $1.25 per capita per day aquaculture participation or productivity influenced the standard of living.     

Field trial of praziquantel for control of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in reservoir hosts in Vietnam

This field trial was conducted to determine whether 40 or 75 mg/kg of praziquantel is suitable for treatment of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) in naturally infected dogs (n=10) and cats (n=11). Three days after treatment all animals at either dose were negative for small trematode eggs. In two cats and one dog treated with 75 mg/kg, however, a few damaged eggs were found 3 days post-treatment; no small trematode eggs were seen in these animals at day 14 post-treatment. In addition, at the 75 mg dose, two cats and two dogs experienced vomiting or diminished appetite. Therefore a praziquantel dose of 40 mg/kg is suggested for treatment of FZT in dogs and cats.     

Escherichia coli strains causing edema disease in northern Vietnam share an identical verotoxin 2e

Edema disease (ED) is a common fatal disease in newly weaned piglets. To develop an effective control program for ED, we carried out a study to better understand the incidence and spread of the disease and the characteristics of the causative agent. In our study, 69 Escherichia coli strains, isolated from 92 piglets showing clinical signs of ED from 13 provinces in northern Vietnam, were positive for both the VT2e toxin and the F18 major fimbrial subunit gene fedA. Of these, 40 strains (58%) were positive for AIDA and 16 isolates carried one or more enterotoxins. Forty-six (67%) of the 69 VT2e⁺/F18⁺ E. coli isolates belonged to classical serotypes (O139:K82, O141: K85, O138:K81, and O149:K91) while the remaining strains did not belong to the common serotypes in pig. Seropathotype 0139:K82⁺/VT2e⁺/F18⁺/AIDA⁺ (21 isolates) was the most frequently detected ED-causing E. coli strain. High prevalence of resistance was observed to the common drugs of tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and spectinomycin. Multiple resistances were widely distributed with 84% of isolates resistant to five antibiotics. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the VT2e toxin is identical among E. coli strains causing ED in pig.     

采用遗传学和生理学方法研究家禽福利育种

<正>1遗传育种与家禽福利的关系腿畸形、骨骼缺陷、代谢失调等动物福利性状是育种工作者长期以来重点考虑的问题。这些问题由于其较低的遗传力以及与肉鸡生产性状的负相关性是育种工作的一大挑战。安伟捷公司自20世纪90年代早期就将福利性状囊括在育种目标之内,在骨骼和代谢方面取得了较大的进展。将福     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum</Emphasis> species associated with anthracnose disease of coffee in Vietnam

Twenty-three isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, five isolates of C. acutatum, two isolates of C. capsici and six isolates of C. boninense associated with anthracnose disease on coffee (Coffea spp.) in Vietnam were identified based on morphology and DNA analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA and a portion of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA were concordant and allowed good separation of the taxa. We found several Colletotrichum isolates of unknown species and their taxonomic position remains unresolved. The majority of Vietnamese isolates belonged to C. gloeosporioides and they grouped together with the coffee berry disease (CBD) fungus, C. kahawae. However, C. kahawae could be distinguished from the Vietnamese C. gloeosporioides isolates based on ammonium tartrate utilization, growth rate and pathogenicity. C. gloeosporioides isolates were more pathogenic on detached green berries than isolates of the other species, i.e. C. acutatum, C capsici and C. boninense. Some of the C. gloeosporioides isolates produced slightly sunken lesions on green berries resembling CBD symptoms but it did not destroy the bean. We did not find any evidence of the presence of C. kahawae in Vietnam.     

Selective modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by steroidal saponines from Paris polyphylla

Bio-guided fractionation of the roots of Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae), based on inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated daunorubicin efflux in K562/R7 cell line, led to isolation and identification of the three saponins 3-O-Rha(1-->2)[Ara(1-->4)]Glc-pennogenine, gracillin and polyphyllin D, and the two ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and pinnatasterone. These compounds were tested for multidrug reversion on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) with both drug-selected and transfected cell lines, and also on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2). By contrast to a weak efficiency on BCRP, the three saponins displayed significant effects as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux.     

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine: in vitro virus attachment and effects of polyanions and polycations

Four transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) strains (Purdue-115, D-52, 188-SG and Gep-II) and two cell lines (swine testis-ST and pig kidney-RPD) were used to study virus attachment and cell susceptibility. Virus attachment was partially thermodependent and the rate varied, depending on the strain. Identical TGEV inocula produced a higher plaque number by plaque assay in the swine testis cell line (ST) than in the pig kidney cell line (RPD) but [3H]uridine-labelled virus was found associated equally well with both cell lines. A field TGEV strain (Gep-II), which was unable to multiply in cell cultures, appeared able to inhibit the attachment of radiolabelled cell-passaged virus. Therefore, the susceptibility to TGEV infection was apparently not determined at the virus-to-cell attachment stage. The attachment sites on the cell surface were specific, however, differences in TGEV attachment determinant between strains were not observed. Attachment of all the virus strains tested was enhanced by DEAE-dextran and inhibited by dextran sulfate, poly-L-lysine (PLL), poly-L-alpha-ornithine (PLO) and protamine sulfate.     

Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dietary fat and energy density on body weight gain, body composition, and total energy expenditure (TEE) in neutered and sexually intact cats. ANIMALS: 12 male and 12 female cats PROCEDURE: Male cats were castrated (castrated male [CM]) or underwent no surgical procedure (sexually intact male [IM]). Female cats underwent ovariectomy (spayed female [SF]) or laparotomy and ligation of both uterine tubes without ovary removal (sexually intact female [IF]). Cats were fed either the low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks, with the final allocation consisting of 8 groups: IF-LF IF-HE SF-LF, SF-HF IM-LF, IM-HF, CM-LF, and CM-HF. Mean food intake for each group was recorded daily, and body weight was monitored weekly throughout the study. Body composition and TEE were measured before surgery in week 0 and at the end of the study (week 26) by isotope dilution (double-labelled water). RESULTS: N eutered cats gained significantly more body fat and body weight (53.80+/-5.79%) than sexually intact cats (27.11+/-5.79%) during the study. Body weight gain of neutered cats fed the HF diet was greater than those fed the LF diet. Following correction for body composition, TEE was similar in all groups and no pattern towards increased food intake was evident. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Weight gain in neutered cats was decreased by feeding an LF, low energy-dense diet. To prevent weight gain in cats after neutering, a suitable LF diet should be fed in carefully controlled meals rather than ad libitum.