Influence of chemically modified short hemp fiber structure on biosorption process of Zn2+ ions from waste water

Short hemp fibers, acquired as a waste from textile industry, were used as an efficient biosorbent for removal of zinc ions from polluted water. In order to obtain the material with better sorption properties, short hemp fibers were subjected to oxidative and alkali treatment. The following factors that may influence the sorption properties of short hemp fibers were examined: fiber structure and morphology were characterized by iodine sorption, water retention and scanning electron microscopy, while specific surface area was determined by BET method. Additionally, the amount of carboxyl groups was determined by calcium-acetate method, and the point of zero charge of the short hemp fibers samples was determined by the solid addition method. Biosorption of zinc ions was evaluated through the total uptake capacity, equilibrium and kinetic data. Obtained data were analyzed by nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, as well as pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models, and the best fitting model was chosen using Akaike information criterion. Chemical modification, used in this work, leads to structural and morphological changes of short hemp fibers, and improvement of their sorption properties. It was found that sorption properties of short hemp fibers are predominantly influenced by surface acidity and the amount of functional groups, while fiber structure and specific surface area have a secondary role in the biosorption of zinc ions. Akakike information criterion values showed that biosorption of zinc ions on all tested hemp fiber samples obey the pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics, while experimental isotherm data fit better with Langmuir model. Biosorption of zinc ions on the hemp fibers is a predominantly chemical process, which mainly follows the mechanism of ion exchange on acidic functional groups, and occurs through the fast surface adsorption, intraparticle diffusion and final equilibrium stage.     

Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter Fractions of Varying Molecular Weights and Cd2 + on Scenedesmus obliquus Growth

Eurasian Soil Science - The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions of various sizes and Cd2+ on the growth rate of Scenedesmus obliquus has been studied. The studies were carried out...     

Drill cuttings in the environment: possible ways to improve their properties

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The disposal of drill cuttings (DCs) in landfills is one of the major impacts of oil extraction on the environment. The DC composition is predetermined by the type...     

生物炭Mg/Al-LDHs复合材料对磷的吸附特性及机理

为有效控制水体富营养化和实现农业废弃物资源化利用,以生物炭作为类水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxide,LDHs)的载体,采用共沉淀法制备出生物炭镁铝水滑石复合材料(Mg/Al-LDHs@BC),并研究其对水中磷酸盐的吸附特性。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、Zeta电位仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱对其进行表征。结果表明,花瓣状Mg/Al-LDHs成功负载到生物炭表面上。Mg/Al-LDHs@BC对磷酸盐的吸附动力学过程更符合准二级动力学模型,等温吸附过程更适合Langmuir模型来描述,拟合得到的最大吸附量达71.37 mg/g,高于Mg/Al-LDHs,同时较生物炭提升约9倍。Mg/Al-LDHs@BC的零点电荷为5.39,在酸性条件下对磷酸盐的吸附性能优于碱性条件。Cl^-和NO₃^-对Mg/Al-LDHs@BC吸附磷酸盐干扰较小,吸附量仅分别下降3.66和5.93 mg/g;CO₃^2-和SO₄^2-对其干扰较大,吸附量分别下降了19.64和15.93 mg/g。Mg/Al-LDHs@BC对磷酸盐的吸附机理主要涉及阴离子交换、静电吸引和配体交换。研究结果可为农业废弃物资源化利用及水体富营养化防治提供理论依据。     

市场经济下江西如何加强森林资源管理的思考

从分析江西现行森林资源管理与市场经济不相适应的问题入手 ,提出在市场经济条件下 ,要加强森林资源管理 ,应改变森林的经营方式 ,规范行政管理和执法 ,降低税费 ,鼓励经营     

温室营养液循环检测系统中离子选择电极的数学建模与测量

针对目前设施农业中使用离子选择电极对营养液养分进行在线测量所存在的长时间测量和测量准确性问题,提出使用基于最小二乘法的“逐步拟合法”拟合钾、钙、硝态氮等离子选择电极模型,建立被测溶液浓度,电极测量电压和被测溶液温度的三维数学模型。并由此设计出营养液各养分含量的在线测量方法。以钾离子选择电极为例介绍了离子选择电极的试验测量方法、建模原理和过程。通过建模得到了钾离子选择电极的一个以温度的一次函数作为常数项和测量电压自变量的系数项、溶液浓度为应变量的函数模型。大量的实验结果表明：所建立的离子选择电极模型准确,可用于在线检测,提出的方法在工程上简洁实用,具有广泛的应用价值。     

竹腔施肥对撑绿杂交竹生长的影响及效益分析

撑绿杂交竹是一种优良的杂交竹种.采用竹腔施肥,可以显著的促进撑绿杂交竹的生长.使其发笋时间提前6 d左右,并能有效地降低退笋,明显了提高新竹胸径和高度.施肥效果以3%(NH2)2CO和4%KH2PO4组合最为显著,比对照不施肥平均净增产值2475元·hm-2,竹腔施肥效益显著.     

插花山探究

＂插花山＂在我国南方是林权管理上的一个重要概念,它面积不大,却往往伴随着权属争议,影响稳定,是确权发证工作中的一个难点。笔者根据福建、江西等省在林权管理上对插花山的使用情况及相关知识,对插花山的释义、产生、分类、特性、发证等问题进行研究探讨,提出参考意见和观点。     

基于自适应模糊推理系统的DCT变速器控制策略研究

在介绍DCT变速器结构的基础上,将自适应神经模糊系统应用在DCT换挡控制策略中,采用油门开度、车速作为换挡参数,利用MATLAB中Simulink工具和Fuzzy logic工具箱的自适应神经模糊系统建立了自动换挡模糊神经网络模型,并推导了模型的混合学习算法。仿真实验结果表明,该模型可以有效地依据换挡参数确定合理的挡位,实现车辆的平顺换挡。     

辐射传输模型多尺度反演植被理化参数研究进展

植被是生态系统最重要的组成成分之一,许多与植被有关的物质能量交换过程都与植被的理化参数密切相关,因此定量估算植被的理化参数含量对监测植被生长状况、森林火灾预警以及研究全球碳氮循环过程等都具有重要意义。在众多定量反演植被理化参数的方法中,基于数学、物理学以及生物学的基本理论建立起来的辐射传输模型受到越来越多的关注。辐射传输模型描述了植被与入射辐射之间的相互作用过程和特征,相对于传统的经验/半经验方法,辐射传输模型物理意义明确,具有稳定性和可移植性强的特点。在分析国内外最新相关研究的基础上,首先从植被叶片、冠层和像元3个不同的尺度阐述反演植被理化参数的辐射传输模型。叶片尺度上主要介绍PROSPECT模型和LIBERTY模型;冠层尺度上主要介绍SAIL冠层辐射传输模型以及PROSPECT与SAIL耦合的PROSAIL叶片-冠层辐射传输模型;像元尺度的植被理化参数反演目前主要采用冠层尺度的辐射传输模型。其次,分析尺度变化下植被理化参数遥感反演所面临的主要问题,如不同尺度下模型参数敏感性的变化、辐射传输模型的选取以及混合像元的影响等。最后,总结展望植被理化参数反演多模型与多种数据源相互结合的研究趋势,以及将来具有高空间分辨率的高光谱遥感卫星升空后所带来的发展前景。