Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-pretreated lespedeza stalks for the production of ethanol

1 Introduction Ethanol is now recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived vehicle fuels, and offers environ- mental advantages. The combustion of biofuels does not result in a net contribution of CO2 to the atmos- phere, so they do not contribute to the greenhouse ef- fect. Lignocellulosic material is the most abundant renewable resource available for the production of fuel ethanol. The cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of lignocellulosic material can be hydrolyzed to sugar…     

马尾松毛虫防治策略的研究

总结分析了江西省马尾松毛虫防治的经验教训，依据害虫综合防治的理论，遵循马尾松毛虫的发生规律，视不同发生阶段，采取相应措施，提出在害虫潜伏期和上升初期采取营林、生防措施，稳定低虫口；在害虫上升期，加强小面积除治，控制虫情上升；在害虫越冬代暴发成灾期，弃重治轻，遏制灾情蔓延等的防治策略。     

Subjective Evaluation of Motorcycle Ride Comfort

The ride comfort of more than ten representative motorcycles is evaluated by the r. m. s acceleration value through road test. Then the investigation on ride comfort, with five grades, is carried out through these motorcycles rode by a dozen drivers. Using statistics and fuzzy mathematical methods, the fuzzy evaluation model of motorcycles ride comfort is built to discuss the relationship between the vibration magnitude and human reaction. Finally, according to this model, two motorcycles ride quality are evaluated.     

Worm wheel grinding method of convex pitch line non-circular gear

To overcome the precision machining difficulty of non-circular gear, a convex pitch curve of non-circular gear and worm grinding method is presented. Firstly, worm wheel is reduced to rack cutter and a rack machining convex pitch curves of non-circular gears sport model is set up. Then based on the structure of CNC worm wheel grinding machine tools and machining principle, electronic gear box of machine tools is designed and active and following axes are planned. At the mean time, the synchronous coefficient of machine tools between synchronization is deduced by machining principle of equal arc-length, and interaction models of grinding are established. At last, the worm wheel manual presetting cutter methods with non-circular gear are given and worm grinding wheel mounting angle, axial position and axial location parameter can be adjusted along the gear.     

建立科研生产联合体开发油菜杂交种

我省农垦科教中心选育的油菜杂交种秦油2号是一项具有国内外领先水平的科研成果,是我国继杂交水稻之后在主要作物育种上又一重大突破。为了尽快把这项重大科研成果转化为生产力,省种子管理站(原种子公司)和省农垦科教中心以及部分地(市)、县种子公司(站)于1984年组成科研生产联合体,开始批量生产秦油2号种子,使科研成果产业化。截至1991年,共生产秦油2号种子500多万公斤,占全国杂交油菜种子量的90％,在全国累计推广4200多万亩。联合体直接经济效益1185万元,向国家上缴税金424万元,并荣获1991年农业部《丰     

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in poplar leaves induced by Marssonina brunnea f. sp.multigermtubi

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in poplar leaves induced by Marssonina brunnea f. sp.multigermtubi     

Wind Vibration Characteristics of High-rise Building of RC Frame Structures

For high-rise building of RC Frame Structures, its security problems with wind load is more important, in this paper the mechanical model is established to simulate the atmospheric flow field around high-rise building, and the modal analysis is carried on for the structure. The simulation results show that velocity contour of wind field and pressure change contour describe the wind field characteristics. Wind velocity and pressure change near frontwall and backwall will affect obviously the vibration characteristics of high-rise building. Natural frequency and vibration mode can be obtained though modal analysis of high-rise building with wind load action, and necessary measures will be taken to avoid unnecessary losses due to resonance factors. And harmonic response is analyzed for high-rise building with load action to avoid resonance.     

Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci and candidate genes for drought stress tolerance in rapeseed

Rapeseed(Brassica napus)is one of the most important oil crops worldwide;however,drought seriously curtails its growth and productivity.Identifying drought-tolerant germplasm is an efficient strategy for addressing water shortages.Here,we phenotyped a panel of 264 B.napus accessions at full-bloom stage using water loss ratio(WLR)as drought-tolerant index.It identified 8 low-WLR and 6 high-WLR accessions,regarded as droughttolerant and drought-sensitive,respectively.Comparing with drought-sensitive accessions at the seedling stage,drought-tolerant accessions had shown better performance in maintaining fresh and dry weights,and performed the higher expression of drought-induced marker genes under drought stress.Subsequently,a total of 139 SNPs(single nucleotide polymorphisms)were identified associated with the WLR using a genome-wide association study(GWAS)among 264 B.napus accessions,with the largest number SNPs at chromosome A10,and 13 SNPs significantly were associated with the WLR(-log₁₀(p-value)>6).Furthermore,4 putative candidate genes(BnaC09.RPS6,BnaC09.MATE,BnaA10.PPD5 and BnaC09.Histone)were screened involving in drought tolerance in B.napus.Together,our results highlight the WLR's importance in drought tolerance and establish the foundation for improving WLR-associated drought tolerance in rapeseed.     

In vivo and in vitro development of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) interspecific cloned embryos

The Tibetan antelope is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, China, and is now considered an endangered species. As a possible rescue strategy, the development of embryos constructed by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) was examined. Tibetan antelope fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated bovine, ovine and caprine oocytes. These cloned embryos were then cultured in vitro or in the oviducts of intermediate animals. Less than 0.5% of the reconstructed antelope-bovine embryos cultured in vitro developed to the blastocyst stage. However, when the cloned antelope-bovine embryos were transferred to caprine oviducts, about 1.6% of the embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. In contrast, only 0.7% of the antelope-ovine embryos developed to the morula stage and none developed to blastocysts in ovine oviducts. The treatment of donor cells and bovine oocytes with trichostatin A did not improve the embryo development even when cultured in the oviducts of ovine and caprine. When the antelope-bovine embryos, constructed from oocytes treated with roscovitine or trichostatin A, were cultured in rabbit oviducts 2.3% and 14.3% developed to blastocysts, respectively. It is concluded that although some success was achieved with the protocols used, interspecies cloning of Tibetan antelope presents difficulties still to be overcome. The mechanisms resulting in the low embryo development need investigation and progress might require a deeper understanding of cellular reprogramming.