甜高粱与粒用高粱干物质积累分配与产量形成的比较研究

1978—1988年,我们对甜高粱与粒用高粱的干物质积累、分配与产量形成进行了比较研究,结果表明:(1)两者干物质积累过程都可用 Logistic 模型描述,但甜高粱较粒用高粱干物质积累峰值高,后期积累速度快,单株生物量高。(2)甜高粱是具有穗和茎两个库的双库型作物,其营养生长与生殖生长并进时间长,几乎从拔节延续到成熟。甜高粱茎的     

A new locus for resistance to brown planthopper identified in the indica rice variety DV85

The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Resistant varieties have proved to be one of the most economic and effective measures for BPH management. In this study, an indica rice ‘DV85’ showed resistance to biotype 2 of BPH by bulked seedling test, and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a susceptible rice ‘Kinmaze’ and ‘DV85’ was phenotyped to map genetic factors conferring BPH resistance in ‘DV85′. Composite interval mapping revealed that one quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a LOD score of 10.1 was detected between XNpb202 and C1172 on chromosome 11. This QTL was designated as Qbph11. Qbph11 explained 68.4% of the phenotypic variance of BPH resistance in this population. The allele from the resistant parent ‘DV85’ at Qbph11 reduced the damage caused by BPH feeding and would be very useful in breeding resistant rice varieties via marker‐assisted selection.     

生态有机肥不同混配基质对辣椒生长发育的影响

研究了“绿源”牌有机肥（生态有机肥）不同混配基质对辣椒生长发育的影响。结果表明：生态有机肥、蛭石、草炭按1∶1∶1或生态有机肥、蛭石按1∶1组配明显促进辣椒的生长发育，主要表现为株高、茎粗增大，叶片数增多，光合作用增强，开花座果期提早，生物产量及经济产量提高。生态有机肥与河砂、炉渣组配有利于提高辣椒果实的Vc含量。全部以生态有机肥作为基质栽培辣椒效果较差。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying milling quality of rice (Oryza sativa) grains

Milling quality of rice grains is important to both producers and consumers. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling brown rice rate (BR), milled rice recovery (MR) and head rice recovery (HR) were analysed by composite interval mapping over 2 years using 98 backcross inbred lines (BILs). A total of 12 QTLs for the three traits were detected, of which five were for BR, four for MR and three for HR. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 7.5 to 19.9%, and additive effects contributed by a single QTL accounted for 0.46 to 2.34% of the variation. QTL‐by‐environment interactions were observed by comparing QTL mapping of the same population grown in two consecutive years. Three of five QTLs for BR and two of four QTLs for MR were detected in 2 years, and all three QTLs for HR were detected in 1 year only. BR was significantly correlated with MR, and all four QTLs of MR were located in the same regions as those of BR. This indicated that QTLs for highly correlated traits could often be detected in the same interval.     

苜蓿素在面包中的应用研究

将苜蓿素添加在面包中,通过正交实验分析,确定了其最佳用量。实验表明,苜蓿素可以添加在面包中,使面包的蛋白质含量大大提高。虽然苜蓿素的添加会降低面包的烘焙品质,但通过加入其他原料可以得到改善。在面包中添加苜蓿素的最大量为2%。     

歙县枇杷产业化的发展与对策

主要介绍了枇杷的生物学特性和营养价值、药用价值,在分析了歙县枇杷生产现状的基础上,指出了歙县枇杷产业化发展存在的问题,并提出了发展枇杷产业需要通过采取适度规模化生产、合理品种组成、加强产后服务、实现产品深加工和综合利用等对策。     

三级流道结构滴灌带的水力性能试验

该试验测定了两种三级流道结构滴灌带压力－流量关系和出水口流量偏差系数，并采用模拟堵塞方法对各级流道堵塞情况下出水口流量变化进行观测，试验表明：相同的流道断面，不同的流道结构对出水口流量和流态指数产生较大的影响；当某一级流道堵塞时，全程贯通式多级流道具有明显的流量互补效果；第I级流道堵塞影响范围较大、出水口流量减少率较高。     

车辆行驶的表层沙土非线性弹性本构模型的试验研究

以车辆行驶的表层沙土为研究对象，用土壤动态三轴仪对车辆行驶的表层沙土的力学特性进行了试验研究，建立了适于车辆行驶的表层沙土的非线性弹性邓肯（Ｄｕｎｃａｎ）本构模型。研究结果表明它能够较好地反映车辆行驶的表层沙土的本构关系，为车辆行走机构与表层沙土相互作用的力学计算分析和研制沙漠运输车辆奠定了基础     

西北地区植被恢复与建设的原则

 在分析植被建设工程存在问题的基础上,提出我国西北地区实施退耕还林、天然林保护、防沙治沙等工程的植被建设中需遵循8项原则:统一规划与协调一致的原则;建设多类型植被,以地带性植被为主的原则;建设手段采用人工与天然相结合,以天然为主的原则;保护、开发利用相结合,以保护为主的原则;充分利用种质资源,以乡土树种为主的原则;合理利用水资源,建设以免灌溉植被为主的原则;乔灌草相结合,以灌草为主的原则;多种繁殖材料相结合,以种子繁殖和天然“克隆”为主的原则。     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.