Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.     

Field scale row unit vibration affecting planting quality

Precision Agriculture - With recent developments allowing increased planter speeds, improving spatial uniformity of crop emergence will continue to be an important focus of research. Vertical...     

Effect of dietary Moringa stem meal level on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters in geese

Moringa stem meal (MSM) with a high level of crude fibre (CF) might be developed and utilized in herbivorous geese as an unconventional feedstuff. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the MSM level in the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, breast meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in geese from 22 to 70 days of age. A one-factor completely randomized design was adopted in our study. A total of one thousand eight 21-day-old geese were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates per group and 28 birds per replicate. The geese were fed diets containing MSM levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 g/kg during day 22–70. The dietary MSM level had no effect (p > .05) on the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). The feed/gain ratio (F/G) increased linearly (p < .001) as the dietary MSM level increased. No differences (p > .05) were observed in the slaughter performance, meat quality and the relative organ weight (except for thymus) of the geese (p > .05). The relative weight of the thymus in the geese fed diets with supplementation of MSM was higher than that in the non-supplemented MSM control group (p < .05). In addition, 100 g MSM/kg of diet decreased the serum glucose (GLU) level (p < .05) and increased the alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme activity (p = .03). Dietary MSM levels of no more than 60 g/kg had no effects on the growth performance and slaughter performance, whereas diets with 100 g MSM/kg increased the F/G and serum ALT enzyme activity, as well as decreasing the serum GLU level. Therefore, MSM provided at a reasonable level could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff for geese at the finisher period.     

梯形组合刀盘设计及作业性能试验

针对免耕播种机开沟器工作中容易出现缠草堵塞、草土混杂及干湿土混杂影响播种质量的问题,设计了一种新型梯形组合刀盘,制作了试验装置,并进行了土槽和田间试验。试验表明:梯形组合刀盘在秸秆覆盖量不大于1.2kg/m2时,通过性满足要求;梯形组合刀盘工作时组合刀盘和开沟器先后开出"W"沟和"V"沟,草土分离系数达95%,干湿土分离系数可达91.7%。梯形组合刀盘破茬防堵性能可靠,实现了草土分离及干湿土分离,可为种子萌发及出苗创造良好条件。     

Towards developing resistance to chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing using multiplexed gRNAs

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Mastreviruses are an emerging group of viruses transmitted by leafhoppers and infect both monocot and dicot plants. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus...     

设施杏扣棚升温后枝条内源激素的变化

以6￣7年生的设施杏(金太阳和凯特)为试材,研究了从扣棚升温至开花前枝条内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:ABA和ZR呈“升-降-升”的趋势;GA3变化较为复杂,IAA前期含量低且变化缓慢,后期含量急剧升高;四种内源激素中,ABA含量最高,IAA最少;ZR/ABA在升温后16d开始升高,而(IAA GA3 ZR)/ABA的升高,金太阳比凯特提前5d。     

基于BAS-PID控制的精准变量施药系统仿真与试验

精准变量施药技术是精准农业的重要内容之一,为解决当前常用的变量施药方式存在的控制精度低、超调量大等不足,提出将天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)算法与常规PID控制结合形成BAS-PID控制算法,用于变量施药系统控制。首先建立施药控制系统机理模型并基于Matlab平台进行软件仿真,仿真试验结果表明,BAS-PID算法的超调量为0.024 1,绝对误差为1.14%,均低于常规PID和模糊PID,控制效果更好。在吉林农业大学试验田进行了田间施药试验,根据试验数据分析,BAS-PID、模糊PID以及常规PID的平均施药误差分别为0.016 L/min、0.020 L/min、0.238 L/min,平均超调量分别为0.006 L/min、0.016 L/min、0.238 L/min。BAS-PID控制算法的施药误差仅在0.01~0.02 L/min内,误差范围小,总体而言,该算法的施药误差和平均超调量都低于模糊PID和常规PID,系统应用效果好。试验结果表明:本文提出的BAS-PID算法提高了PID算法的参数适用性,施药控制精度高,超调量小,改善了变量施药系统的施药效果,可为推动精准变量施药技术的发展提供新的技术方案。     

加快农村水利现代化建设步伐努力开创新世纪农村水利工作的新局面

1　充分认识加快农村水利现代化建设的重要性和必要性　　改革开放以来 ,我国的国民经济和社会发展取得了巨大的成就 ,特别是沿海地区 ,由于对外开放早 ,区位优势好 ,已成为我国经济发达地区。随着经济迅速发展 ,水利基础设施建设也取得很大成绩。从发展势头看 ,这一地区建设现代化农业和现代化农村水利的条件、时机已经成熟。我们要提高对推进农村水利现代化建设重要性和必要性的认识 ,增强紧迫感 ,树立责任感。1.1　加快农村水利现代化建设 ,是全面推进农业现代化的需要1998年 ,江泽民总书记在视察江苏、上海时曾指出 :“沿海经济发达地区…