植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒研究进展

斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂是一种新型的生物农药,从分子生物学、病毒流行学、对非靶标生物的毒性、工厂化生产及田间药效等方面阐述了斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的研究进展.     

甘肃省南瓜白粉病菌对己唑醇抗性诱导及抗性菌株生物学性状研究

为了解甘肃省裸仁美洲南瓜白粉菌对己唑醇敏感性及抗性产生情况,采用小株喷雾法对采自兰州、武威、景泰等地的20个南瓜白粉菌菌株对己唑醇的敏感性进行了测定,利用紫外诱导、药剂驯化、先紫外后药剂驯化三种方法对敏感菌株进行了抗药性诱导,并对抗性突变菌株的生物学性状及其对丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇的交互抗性进行了研究。结果表明20个南瓜白粉菌菌株对己唑醇的敏感性存在一定差异,EC50值在17.77~285.54μg/mL范围内;与其他两种诱导方法相比药剂驯化方法获得的抗性突变菌株的抗性倍数最高,为8.94倍。敏感菌株和抗性突变菌株孢子萌发的最佳时间分别为36h和48h;抗性突变菌株产孢量和致病力明显高于敏感菌株;适合度测定表明抗性突变菌株与敏感菌株之间存在竞争力,孢子萌发率、芽管个数之间差异显著,菌丝分支数、产孢量之间差异不显著;抗性突变菌株在抗性突变菌株和敏感菌株混合比例为80∶20的群体中,存在频率比较稳定,连续培养7代后仍占85.69%;己唑醇抗性突变菌株对丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇4种药剂未表现出交互抗性。研究结果可为甘肃省防治南瓜白粉病提供理论依据。     

11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。     

基于机载LiDAR的高郁闭度华北落叶松林单木识别

【目的】高郁闭度华北落叶松林Larix principis-rupprechtii林木树冠交叉重叠,传统的基于高分辨影像的单木识别方法识别精度不高。利用机载LiDAR三维点云数据可提高高郁闭度华北落叶松林的单木识别精度。【方法】在点云数据预处理基础上,提出基于点云空间特征的高斯核函数改进的均值漂移单木位置识别方法 (MSP),比较并分析MSP法与基于点云空间特征的区域生长点云分割方法 (RGP)、基于冠层高度模型的局部最大值单木位置识别方法 (LMC)和基于冠层模型的多尺度分割单木位置识别方法 (MSC)的单木识别效果。【结果】4种方法单木位置识别精度从大到小依次为MSP(89.30%)、LMC (85.60%)、RGP (77.50%)和MSC (70.00%),MSP的漏分误差和错分误差最小,分别为8.7%和8.0%,平均单木冠幅提取精度为90.18%。【结论】提出的MSP法对高郁闭度华北落叶松林单木位置识别具有较好的适用性,利用机载LiDAR可为提取华北落叶松林森林结构参数提供新的途径。图3表3参28     

凹叶厚朴在熊岳树木园的引种繁殖研究

总结了熊岳树木园凹叶厚朴的引种生长表现情况,并对凹叶厚朴的繁育技术提出了关键性的技术措施。     

用计算机手段探测晚芦基因20h连续表达趋势

以岩溪晚芦(Citrus reticulata Blanco)为试材,在果实成熟期用乙烯诱导果蒂的离层,分时段应用探针组(Probe Set ID)总数至少30302的基因芯片研究了离层基因表达情况,且同步进行了无乙烯诱导的对照实验,得到芯片两两比较结果。4h、12h和24h样品处理同样品对照的两两比较结果表明:4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有650个、500个和2200个探针组比样品对照显著下调表达,分别占探针组总数的2.15%、1.65%和7.26%;4h、12h和24h样品处理分别至少有550、600和1200个探针组比样品对照显著上调表达,分别占探针组总数的1.82%、1.98%和3.96%。研究首次证实了Affymetrix公司的柑橘基因表达检测芯片可应用于中国岩溪晚芦,首次发现了至少500条基因连续20h的表达趋势。     

菊花离体快繁技术研究

以菊花‘神马’和‘黄绣球’的茎尖为外植体进行组织培养,研究了基因型及激素组合对不定芽分化、增殖及生根的影响。结果表明:最适诱导分化培养基为:‘神马’:MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;‘黄绣球:’MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L。最适增殖培养基为:‘神马:’MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;‘黄绣球:’MS+6-BA 1 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L。两者的最适生根培养基都为:1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L。     

半湿润区斑地锦入侵后马铃薯的光合响应

试验以无斑地锦入侵条件为对照,研究半湿润区斑地锦入侵对马铃薯叶片光合色素含量、PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响.结果表明,斑地锦入侵后,马铃薯叶片5-氨基乙酰丙酸、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产率Fv’/Fm’、光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ、表观光合电子传递速率ET...     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.