高场强微波处理对樟子松木材宏观裂纹的影响

探究高场强微波处理过程中，樟子松试材含水率、微波功率、处理时间对试材吸收微波能量和宏观裂纹的影响。结果表明，试材处理前的含水率、微波功率对试材吸收的微波能量有显著影响；当含水率为40%~60%、微波功率为140 kW、处理时间为120 s时，樟子松试材横截面的裂纹面积比和裂纹数量最大。建议根据功能化材料的应用领域，选择不同的微波处理工艺。     

The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

叶面阻隔联合土壤钝化对水稻镉吸收转运的影响

为了探讨叶面阻隔联合钝化对水稻镉吸收转运的影响，实现重金属污染农田稻米安全生产，采用大田试验的方式，选用氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥和活性硅肥作为叶面阻隔剂，硅钙肥和贝壳粉作为土壤钝化剂，在田间共设置7个处理：水稻常规种植（CK），叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥（Se400），叶面喷施活性硅肥（Si1000），叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥的同时分别基施硅钙肥（Se400GG）和贝壳粉（Se400BK），叶面喷施活性硅肥的同时分别基施硅钙肥（Si1000GG）和贝壳粉（Si1000BK）。水稻成熟后对水稻籽粒、颖壳、秸秆、根四部分的镉含量进行检测。结果表明：与对照处理相比，各处理水稻籽粒中镉含量均不同程度降低，且叶面阻隔联合土壤钝化处理的效果更好。Se400GG处理水稻籽粒镉含量下降最明显，降幅为88.13%，水稻籽粒镉含量为（0.18±0.01）mg·kg^-1，低于大米镉限量值0.2 mg·kg^-1（GB 2762—2017）；其次是Si1000GG处理，水稻籽粒镉含量下降了56.77%；单独叶面阻隔的两个处理Si1000和Se400效果较差，水稻籽粒镉含量仅下降了18.28%和9.03%。水稻籽粒镉含量降低的主要原因是水稻各部位的富集系数和转运系数减小，Se400GG和Si1000GG处理水稻根到秸秆的转运系数下降了84.93%和72.60%，水稻籽粒的富集系数下降了87.88%和56.06%，而Se400和Si1000处理水稻根到秸秆的转运系数仅下降46.58%和38.36%，水稻籽粒的富集系数仅下降12.12%和15.91%。可见，叶面阻隔联合钝化技术，尤其是叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒营养液肥的同时基施硅钙肥能更有效地阻隔水稻对镉的吸收和转运，降低水稻籽粒镉的含量，是值得在镉低污染稻田推广应用的技术。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cervus elaphus Using AMELY Gene in Y Chromosome

In order to determine the genetic diversity in Cervus elaphus using AMELY gene in Y chromosome,200 blood samples from Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus,Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis populations were collected and AMELY genes were sequenced in this study.The haplotype diversity of Y chromosome was analyed,phylogenetic tree was built to explore the genetic diversity and the paternal origins about Cervus elaphus.The results showed that:Cervus elaphus yarkandensis had the most variation sites and the highest nucleotide diversity.The genetic distance between Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and other Cervus elaphus were far.6 haplotypes were identified in this study,named as A1,A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6,respectively.Cervu elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis had separate haplotype.The NJ and ML phylogenetic trees showed that Cervus elaphus songaricus,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis clustered together which Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and Cervus elaphus kansuensis were form a department,separately.Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus yarkandensis clustered into one branches and there might be gene exchange among Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus kansuensis and other Cervus elaphus.     

两种野生郁金香在沈阳地区的引种驯化

以阿尔泰郁金香和天山郁金香鳞茎为试材,采用异地人工驯化栽培的方法,研究了不同栽培条件和基质对2种野生郁金香主要观赏性状的影响,以期为我国野生郁金香的开发和利用提供理论指导。结果表明:2种野生郁金香可以在沈阳地区成功驯化,除株高明显降低外,其它观赏性状基本保持了原有的生物学特性。在沈阳地区露地栽培时萌芽期、展叶期、现蕾期、变色期较原生地晚14d左右,结实期和果熟期均与原生地接近;在沈阳地区温室栽培过程中,2种郁金香的萌芽期、展叶期早于露地28d左右,始花期、盛花期和结实期较露地提前14d,果熟期较露地提前10d;使用腐殖土为栽培基质时,2种郁金香的植株高度最高,分别为15.03cm和19.47cm。     

假禾谷镰孢侵染小麦后3种植物激素相关基因的差异表达分析

假禾谷镰孢(Fusarium pseudograminearum)是我国近年新发现的小麦病原真菌,本研究目的是揭示植物激素信号传导途径中相关基因表达对假禾谷镰孢侵染的响应。利用假禾谷镰孢野生菌株WZ2-8A侵染小麦品种周麦24,对接种后5 d和15 d样品进行转录组测序,分析差异表达基因,并对候选基因进行q RT-PCR验证。假禾谷镰孢侵染后,小麦幼苗生长受到明显抑制,根长、株高、根重和地上部分鲜重均显著降低。转录组分析结果表明,植物激素信号传导途径中有29个基因差异表达,涉及到生长素、细胞分裂素和脱落酸3种植物激素。在接种后5 d有11个差异表达基因,其中2个上调,9个下调;在接种后15 d共有25个差异表达基因,其中8个上调,17个下调。在生长素信号传导途径中,生长素输入载体AUX1差异表达,影响生长素的极性运输,从而影响小麦根部的细胞伸长。在细胞分裂素信号传导途径中,起正调控作用的B-ARR上调表达,推测其促进细胞分裂素的信号传导,从而抑制细胞分裂,与生长素协同作用,造成小麦的长势减弱。在脱落酸途径中,脱落酸受体PYR/PYL下调表达;起到负调控作用的PP2C相关基因均上调表达。脱落酸使植物对真菌和细菌的抗性起到负调控作用,其信号传导途径与茉莉酸/乙烯途径相互拮抗,脱落酸信号传导途径的阻遏可能会使茉莉酸/乙烯途径信号通路打开。q RT-PCR结果基本能够和转录组测序结果相拟合,说明在假禾谷镰孢侵染胁迫下,脱落酸的信号传导被抑制可能是中抗品种周麦24对假禾谷镰孢产生一定的抗性的生理基础。     

丙环唑对玉米幼苗生长的调控及其相关机制

丙环唑(propiconazole,简称Pcz)作为一种杀菌剂被广泛应用于作物生产,它同时具有调节作物生长发育的作用,但关于丙环唑在玉米上的应用研究较少。本研究以玉米品种郑单958为材料,研究丙环唑(Pcz)对玉米苗期植株生长、细胞形态和激素信号的影响。结果表明,Pcz处理显著抑制玉米中胚轴与胚芽鞘的生长,降低株高,缩短叶片和叶鞘长度,减小叶夹角,同时显著抑制叶片和叶鞘细胞的纵向伸长,促使叶枕细胞排列由疏松变为紧密;Pcz处理显著降低玉米中赤霉素(GA1和GA3)的含量,下调GA合成酶基因GA3ox1基因的表达,上调GA钝化酶基因GA2ox5和GA2ox8表达,而GA合成酶基因GA20ox1的表达呈现先上调后下调模式;Pcz处理显著降低油菜素内酯(BR)含量,但BR合成基因CPD和DWF4的表达上调,可能是由于反馈调节。此外,Pcz处理下调扩张蛋白基因EXPA4、EXPA5和木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因XTH1、XET1的表达。综上所述,Pcz处理调节GA和BR信号转导途径,抑制GA和BR在植株内积累,调控扩张蛋白、木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶基因表达,操纵细胞生长,有效调控株型。     

饲粮铜源及水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、铜代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铜源及水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、铜代谢的影响。采用3×3+1双因素试验设计,设3种铜源(硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜、蛋氨酸铜)和3个铜添加水平(10、25、40 mg/kg),1个对照组。选择60日龄健康、体重接近的美国短毛黑雄性水貂120只,随机分成10组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只貂。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)水貂的平均日采食量随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),并且平均日增重随饲粮铜添加水平的增加也呈线性增加(P=0.053)。2)水貂的粗脂肪表观消化率随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),并且粗蛋白质表观消化率随饲粮铜添加水平的增加也呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。3)水貂铜摄入量、粪铜排泄量、尿铜排泄量以及铜沉积量均随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性增加(P0.01),然而铜的表观吸收率却随饲粮铜添加水平的增加呈极显著线性降低(P0.01)。水貂对碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜的表观吸收率极显著高于对硫酸铜的表观吸收率(P0.01)。水貂氮沉积量随饲粮铜添加水平的增加而呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。由此可见,基础饲粮中铜含量为8.05 mg/kg时,饲粮添加40 mg/kg的铜能改善育成期雄性水貂生长性能,提高水貂粗脂肪表观消化率;育成期雄性水貂对碱式氯化铜和蛋氨酸铜的表观吸收率高于对硫酸铜的表观吸收率。     

重庆南温泉洗浴废水用作植物灌溉水的可行性研究

重庆市温泉资源丰富,温泉洗浴废水运用于绿地灌溉可以节约成本,缓解城市的水危机。温泉洗浴废水对植物生长有正负两方面的影响,与植物的种类,温泉洗浴废水的水质等因素有关。实验以重庆市常见的两种绿地植物——冷水花木春菊为研究对象,对温泉洗浴废水中影响植物生长的pH、固体悬浮物、高锰酸钾,总溶解性固体4个常见指标进行了浓度值对比实验。运用对相对电导率拟合Logistic方程求半致死浓度值的方法,确定绿地植物所能耐受的上限阀值。以此为基础对温泉废水进行相关处理,使温泉废水既可以达到灌溉绿地的水质标准,又能最大限度地降低废水处理成本,从而充分利用水资源。