Calorific values and ash contents of different parts of Masson pine trees in southern China

Calorific value of plants is an important parameter for evalu- ating and indexing material cycles and energy conversion in forest eco- systems. Based on mensuration data of 150 sample sets, we analyzed the calorific value （CV） and ash content （AC） of different parts of Masson pine （Pinus massoniana） trees in southern China using hypothesis testing and regression analysis. CV and AC of different tree parts were almost significantly different （P〈0.05）. In descending order, ash-free calorific value （AFCV） ranked as foliage 〉 branch 〉 stem bark 〉 root 〉 stem wood, and AC ranked as foliage 〉 stem bark 〉 root 〉 branch 〉 stem wood. CV and AC of stem wood from the top, middle and lower sections of trees differed significantly. CV increased from the top to the lower sections of the tnmk while AC decreased. Mean gross calorific value （GCV） and AFCV of aboveground parts were significantly higher than those of belowground parts （roots）. The mean GCV, AFCV and AC of a whole tree of Masson pine were 21.54 kJ/g, 21.74 kJ/g and 0.90%, re- spectively. CV and AC of different tree parts were, to some extent, cor- related with tree diameter, height and origin.     

不同提取方法对紫苏叶挥发性成分的影响

[目的]利用不同方法提取紫苏叶中挥发性成分,为紫苏叶的综合利用提供参考.[方法]分别采用动态逆流提取法、微波提取法和超声波提取法提取紫苏叶中的挥发性成分,并结合GC-MS分析和三角评价进行对比分析.[结果]动态逆流提取法共检测17种紫苏叶挥发性成分,集中在后阶段出峰,主要是沸点相对较高的难挥发性成分;微波提取法共检测19种紫苏叶挥发性成分,其出峰时间集中在中间阶段,主要是中等挥发性成分;超声波提取法共检测25种紫苏叶挥发性成分,其出峰时间比较靠前,主要是易挥发的小分子化学成分.3种紫苏叶提取物香气类型基本一致,但超声波提取物香气强度要明显优于其他两种方法.[结论]超声波提取技术更适合于紫苏叶易挥发性成分的提取.     

水泥对工业大麻秆纤维板性能的影响

利用工业大麻秆制备纤维板,分析不同水泥添加量和工业大麻秆不同部位对其制备纤维板性能的影响。结果表明：随着水泥添加量的增加,工业大麻秆纤维板的内结合强度（IB ）、静曲强度（MOR）、弹性模量（MOE ）均降低,而吸水厚度膨胀率（TS ）得到较大改善;大麻秆芯制备的纤维板力学性能优于大麻秆皮部。     

建阳市森林生态系统服务价值评估

根据建阳市2011年森林资源清查资料和相关部门提供的监测数据,应用《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》对其森林生态系统服务功能进行价值评估,结果表明：2011年建阳市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为169．27亿元／a;7项服务功能价值大小排序为涵养水源〉生物多样性保护〉保育土壤〉固碳制氧〉物质生产〉净化大气环境〉森林旅游,其中涵养水源、生物多样性保护和保育土壤3种服务价值占整个森林生态系统服务功能总价值的80．2％。     

甘蓝型油菜WRI1基因cDNA克隆与种子特异性表达载体的构建

WRI1基因所编码的转录因子参与糖酵解和脂肪酸合成,在种子油的积累过程中起着关键作用。在种子中超表达WRI1基因,对提高油菜种子含油量具有重要意义。本研究利用RT-PCR技术,从甘蓝型油菜湘油15号cDNA中分离克隆了5个WRI1基因全长cDNA序列,选取2种存在明显差异(碱基缺失)的cDNA序列构建植物种子特异性表达载体。为后续转基因研究这种差异是否会造成WRI1基因在提高含油量作用上的差异作准备。通过双酶切和连接反应,分别将WRI1基因和napin启动子基因插入到pBI121载体的GUSA基因和CaMV35启动子基因位置。酶切及PCR检测结果显示,napin启动子和WRI1已插入相应位置,完成2种载体种子特异性表达WRI1基因重组载体pBI121+napin+WRI1的构建,命名为pBI121NW2、pBI121NW4。     

浅谈牛栏江河道绿化的途径及措施

指出了当前牛栏江水污染严重,牛栏江生态廊道绿化的任务是提高河流“自净”能力,净化水质。探讨了绿化技术途径,包括对河岸带进行区划,确定各带（区）的功能,根据各带（区）特点,布置植物,强调在有限的空间内,千方百计地增加湿生与水生植物种植面积,利用水生植物净化水体,从而实现规划目标。     

Nutrient and heavy metals in decaying harvest residue needles on drained blanket peat forests

Harvest residue decomposition can significantly contribute to nutrient and heavy metal exports to receiving water courses. This study monitors the nutrient and heavy metal dynamics in decaying Sitka spruce and lodgepole pine harvest residue needles on Atlantic blanket peat forests in the west of Ireland. Using the litterbag method, harvest residue was placed both within and between furrows in two uncut forest and two clear-cut sites. On the clear-cut sites, the litterbags were positioned outside the harvest residue piles (i.e. brash windrows). Over the 2-year monitoring period, the needles decomposed slower at the clear-cut sites than the uncut forest sites, with mass losses of 46–55 and 58–77 %, respectively. Approximately 20 % less phosphorous (P) was released from the decaying needles at the clear-cut sites, while nitrogen (N) was released only at the uncut sites. Tree species was a significant factor contributing to nutrient and heavy metal release and accumulation patterns, with higher concentrations of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the decaying spruce needles than in pine. Conversely, the spruce needles showed accelerated depletion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) relative to the pine. The harvest residue needle positioning (inside furrow/between furrows) and the site soil characteristics contributed significantly to Al transformations in spruce needles and iron (Fe) in both spruce and pine needles, with more accumulation occurring inside the furrows where Al and Fe contents of the peat were high. Manganese (Mn) was released from the needles in three of the four sites with a total release of over 90 % within 2 years. In the remaining site, where the Mn content of the peat was high, an accumulation of Mn in the needles was observed. The decomposition of needles on blanket peat catchments may be a significant source of P to receiving water courses, owing to their fast release of P, but not a likely source for N export.     

白马鸡的人工孵化研究

采用异亲鸟孵化与机器孵化2种繁殖方法对白马鸡种卵孵化的出雏率、种卵失重率等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,异亲鸟孵化成功率达87%以上,机器孵化的出雏率为85%;发育正常的白马鸡种卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化不大,在13%左右;无发育能力的白马鸡卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化较大,在11%~17%之间变动。在白马鸡人工孵化过程中种卵选择是孵化成功的先决条件。     

重载并联运动模拟台机构动力特性分析

提出一种适用于重载的6UPS-3UPS/UPU-R并联运动模拟台机构。采用电液混合的驱动方式,该机构具有平衡负载重力的特点。对机构进行了动力学分析,得到了平衡平台对运动平台的作用力和电机扭矩计算表达式。提出了平衡效率指标,并研究了平衡分支相关参数对平衡效率的影响。分析了液压缸对运动平台受力和电动缸驱动力的作用。数值分析表明,平衡液压缸的存在能够有效降低电机扭矩,该并联运动模拟台机构能够以较低的制造成本满足高精度、重载的应用需求。     

4-UPS/UPR并联机构动力学分析

基于车辆在行驶过程中的运动特性,提出了一种耦合型4-UPS/UPR并联机构作为车辆运动模拟台。应用螺旋理论分析了中间约束分支对上平台的约束作用,并基于Grassmenn线几何分析了机构的铰链点布置对机构奇异的影响。利用旋转矩阵的运动算子功能对机构的耦合运动特性进行了分析。基于旋量速度、加速度,建立了机构运动学模型,并利用刚体的牛顿-欧拉公式建立了机构(包括各个分支)详尽的动力学模型,并给出了相应的数值算例进行验证。