《现代养殖设施与设备》教材建设探索与实践

针对《现代养殖设施与设备》课程没有规范教材的现状,探索符合人才培养目标和规格、适应市场需求的特色应用型教材建设,为应用型人才培养提供知识载体。并通过进一步实践,为教材的修订完善明确了方向。     

Penetration of somatic mammalian cells by sperm

Penetration of somatic mammalian cells by spermatozoa occurred after simple admixture in culture. With sperm labeled in vivo, autoradiography revealed incorporation of DNA into nuclei of recipient cells, indicating release of DNA after entrance by sperm. This system provides a new approach to study the molecular biology of information transfer and of haploid gene expression.     

短尾鮠精子细胞和精子的超微结构研究

用透射电镜观察了短尾鮠精子细胞和精子的形态以及细胞核、拟染色体和线粒体等的结构变化规律。结果表明,随着精子细胞的发育,核质凝聚程度逐渐增强。精子细胞时期细胞器较丰富,到精子细胞后期,细胞器的形态和数量发生了较大变化。短尾鮠的精子具有椭圆的头部和复杂的中片;近侧中心粒和远侧中心粒靠近核的中央;鞭毛呈9+2轴丝结构,并具有由外膜折迭形成的波浪形的鳍状结构。     

Spatial and temporal investigations of reported movements,births and deaths of cattle and pigs in Sweden

Background

Livestock movements can affect the spread and control of contagious diseases and new data recording systems enable analysis of these movements. The results can be used for contingency planning, modelling of disease spread and design of disease control programs.

Methods

Data on the Swedish cattle and pig populations during the period July 2005 until June 2006 were obtained from databases held by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Movements of cattle and pigs were investigated from geographical and temporal perspectives, births and deaths of cattle were investigated from a temporal perspective and the geographical distribution of holdings was also investigated.

Results

Most movements of cattle and pigs were to holdings within 100 km, but movements up to 1200 km occurred. Consequently, the majority of movements occurred within the same county or to adjacent counties. Approximately 54% of the cattle holdings and 45% of the pig holdings did not purchase any live animals. Seasonal variations in births and deaths of cattle were identified, with peaks in spring. Cattle movements peaked in spring and autumn. The maximum number of holdings within a 3 km radius of one holding was 45 for cattle and 23 for pigs, with large variations among counties. Missing data and reporting bias (digit preference) were detected in the data.

Conclusion

The databases are valuable tools in contact tracing. However since movements can be reported up to a week after the event and some data are missing they cannot replace other methods in the acute phase of an outbreak. We identified long distance transports of cattle and pigs, and these findings support an implementation of a total standstill in the country in the case of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease. The databases contain valuable information and improvements in data quality would make them even more useful.     

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in the Strangler Clusia rosea Jacq

Observations of malic acid fluctuation, leaf anatomy, and stable carbon isotopic composition showed that the epiphytic strangler Clusia rosea, growing on Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands, has crassulacean acid metabolism. This hemiepiphyte may be the only woody dicotyledonous tree species among the many thousands of flowering species in the 30 or more plant families that shows this type of metabolism. The finding has implications with respect to water balance during the process whereby Clusia rosea establishes itself as a tree, since crassulacean acid metabolism is a photosynthetic adaptation to water-stressed environments.