Monitor Forest Fires with FY Serial Satellites

Remote sensing as the measure to monitor disasters has the advantage of temporal resolution and large scale. Since "5.6 catastrophe" in 1987, China began to monitor forest fires broadly. In the summer of 2002, many forest/grass fires occurred in the Daxing'anling Mountains, and the damage was very heavy. In the forest fires fighting, the meteorological satellites play an important role in monitoring the fires. Especially the FY serial meteorological satellites have the advantage of large scale monitoring and characteristics of being in time and exact, and get good results. Remote sensing techniques have been used in many aspects of forest/grass fires research, including burned area and fireline intensity evaluation, post fire environment monitoring etc.     

湖北薤山自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性调查

2005年8月对湖北省薤山自然保护区的两栖动物和爬行动物进行了专项调查.分别记录到两栖动物21种,隶属于2目8科;爬行动物31种,隶属于2目9科.对它们的物种组成、地理区系特点和保护等级进行了研究,并提出了保护建议.     

城市园林绿化质量可拓综合评判方法研究

为客观、准确地对城市园林绿化质量进行评判,依据国际花园城市标准、国家生态园林城市标准、国家园林城市标准、城市绿化规划建设指标规定和部分省级园林城市标准,筛选了建城区绿化覆盖率、建城区绿地率、建城区人均公共绿地面积三大指标为园林绿化质量的评判特征因子。在此基础上,引入可拓学理论,建立了城市园林绿化质量评判物元模型,给出了基于关联函数的可拓评判方法。并结合某城市园林绿化现状,实际评判了其质量综合水平状况。     

红松果用林研究进展与产业化前景

红松果用林是通过嫁接、抚育等经营管理措施促进林木结实,以大量生产优质松子为目标的林分.通过对国内外红松果用林研究状况和产业化前景的综合分析,重点综述了红松果用林的优树选择、果林营建、促进结实技术及个体发育性别型等方面的研究新进展;并从红松果用林的优树选择、果林营建、促进结实技术等方面分析了我国红松果用林产业化前景.     

Researches and Application of Fuelbreaks in China

The fuelbreaks were established in south China from 1950s. With the active work of local communities and state government, the fuelbreaks have been built for 398,000 kilometers. In some areas, fuelbreaks and firebreaks have constructed a network primarily, such as in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi. The fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively. That has been approved by actual examples and burning tests. The fuelbreaks also benefit the forest ecosystem and environment. This paper makes a review on fuelbreaks research and application in China, discussed present research achievements about fuelbreaks mechanism and its development. In the future, the Chinese government and local communities will increase investment in the construction of firebreaks network with fuelbreaks as focal points.     

20%灭·阿可湿性粉剂防治落叶松毛虫试验

试验于 2 0 0 1年 8～ 9月 ,在内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗桦木沟林场华北落叶松人工林内进行。结果表明 ,使用 2 0 %灭·阿可湿性粉剂进行地面常规喷雾和喷粉防治落叶松毛虫的效果显著 ,采用用药量 4 5 0～ 75 0g/hm2 进行常规喷雾防治 ,落叶松毛虫虫口减退率达 97%以上 ;采用药量 6 0 0～ 90 0g/hm2 进行常规喷粉 ,虫口减退率达 90 %以上 ,而且常规喷雾的防效好于常规喷粉     

油茶织蛾生物学特性研究

Casmara patrona is one of the main borer pests damaging Camellia oleifera in China. Few reports about this insect were published. The life history, biological characteristics and natural enemies of C. patrona were investigated through field survey and laboratory observation in this study. The results showed that C. patrona had one generation in one year or two years, and overwintered as 3rd-5th instar larva in Zhejiang Province. About 88 percent of larvae began to pupate in early May, and the rest kept feeding till the next year. The adults could be observed from early June to early July, and the peak of emergence occurred in late June. The adults began to oviposit in late June and terminated in early July. The eggs started hatching in early July, and then the larvae bored into the branch to feed. The entrance holes of the larvae distributed predominately in the middle of the eastern and southern part of C. oleifera tree. The larva had five instars, and there were 10-50 days when the larva did not feed between consecutive instars.     

桂西北秃杉人工林土壤肥力变化的研究

采用时空互换法,于广西南丹县山口林场选取不同林龄(9、14、20 a)的秃杉人工林作为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物化学性质(土壤酶活性)进行研究。结果表明:不同林分年龄土壤性质存在一定的差异,8、14、20 a秃杉人工林表层土壤(0 20 cm)土壤密度分别为0.978、0.914、0.890 g·cm^-3,总孔隙度分别为63.10%、65.53 %、66.40%,土壤最大持水量分别为64.55%、71.70%、74.58%。随着林龄的增长,土壤各化学和生物化学指标的变化不尽相同,但林分年龄到20年生时,多数土壤养分和酶活性指标都有所升高,土壤肥力状况得到提高。     

猕猴桃果实腐烂病田间药效试验

用不同浓度的70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、50%咪鲜胺锰盐可湿性粉剂、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散剂、5%己唑醇微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂及施药时间、不同施药次数对猕猴桃腐烂病进行田间药效防治试验。结果表明:己唑醇1 000倍、1 500倍和2 000倍3个处理防治效果分别为81.1%、59.2%和42.5%;用己唑醇1 500倍的施药时间和次数试验结果表明,谢花后一周内施药的处理防治效果均在60%左右,显著高于延后一周施药的处理,施药次数对防治效果影响不大,喷药3次和4次的防治效果均为59%左右,喷药2次防效较差,但与前两者差异不显著;5种杀菌剂药效试验结果表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散剂防效最好,为71%,显著高于其他处理,其次为咪鲜胺锰盐、己唑醇,防治效果分别为63.5%和52.4%,苯谜甲环唑和甲基硫菌灵防效较差均不足30%。     

几种常见桑树病害的识别与防治

桑树是蚕桑产业的重要物质基础。为确保桑树健康成长,促进产业发展,桑树病害的有效识别与及时防控尤为重要。真核微生物、原核微生物及非细胞类病毒中均存在能引发桑树传染性病害的病原微生物。其中由真核微生物引起的桑里白粉病与桑椹菌核病,原核微生物引起的桑青枯病与桑疫病是爆发频繁、危害极大的桑树病害。本文就这四种桑树病害的病原、侵染循环、病害识别及防治方法等进行系统梳理,并简要介绍几种非细胞类微生物引起的桑树病害,以期为生产上防治相关病害提供参考。