断奶前后仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠SGLT1 mRNA表达的变化及半胱胺的影响

研究断奶前后仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠SGLT1mRNA表达丰度的变化,并同时观察半胱胺对其表达的影响,从分子水平探讨半胱胺对断奶仔猪葡萄糖吸收的影响与可能的机制。新生仔猪随机分为对照组和实验组,12日龄(D12)起对照组饲喂基础乳猪料,实验组在基础乳猪料中添加120mg/kg半胱胺,两组仔猪均于35日龄断奶,每组分别于断奶前1周、断奶当天、断奶后3d、1周以及断奶后10d随机选取仔猪各6头,宰杀后采集十二指肠、空肠和回肠粘膜,采用RT-PCR方法测定钠-葡萄糖共转运载体1(sodium-glucosecotransporter1,SGLT1)mRNA表达的相对丰度。结果表明,回肠SGLT1mRNA的表达量最高,空肠其次,十二指肠最低;SGLT1mRNA在不同肠段的表达呈现截然不同的发育模式,十二指肠SGLT1mRNA表达量在45d显著上升(P<0.05),而空肠则在42和45d时显著下降(P<0.01),回肠SGLT1mRNA表达在整个实验期间无显著变化;此外,日粮添加半胱胺显著提高38d十二指肠以及42和45d空肠SGLT1mRNA表达,而对回肠SGLT1mRNA表达无显著影响。小肠SGLT1mRNA表达以及日粮添加半胱胺促进SGLT1mRNA表达的作用均呈现时空特异性规律。     

土壤和植物中元素含量的Zipf法则描述

土壤中含有人类已经发现的大多数化学元素,构成了植物矿质营养的主要来源.植物体内元素的种类也高达70余种,其含量从10-16到10-1,差异巨大.如果把土壤的化学组成和植物体内必须营养元素组成加以比较,可以看出两者之间存在相当大的差别.其中一些元素在土壤中的含量很高,但植物的需求量很低,如Si、Al、Fe等;而另一些元素在土壤中含量很低,但却是植物需求量较多的元素,如N、P、S;正是这些差异构成了土壤化学组成和植物营养之间关系的基础[1].元素的原子序数即核电荷数决定了元素的内在性质,一般的土壤和植物分析结果也表现出原子序数越大的重金属元素,其在土壤和植物中的含量也越低.Zipf法则由于具有普适性的特点,已被广泛地应用于离散型分布的研究[2],为了解土壤与植物中元素含量与元素原子序数之间存在的关系,利用Zipf法则对土壤与植物体内元素含量与原子序数之间的关系进行了研究.     

黄土高原窑窖集水工程技术探讨

在调查研究的基础上 ,指出了目前黄土高原窑窖集水工程建设中存在的主要问题 ,包括沿路水窖布设过多、集流场建设滞后以及目前窑窖施工、沉沙池设计中存在的关键技术问题等。在具体分析集流场集流潜力和用水量基础上 ,针对沿路水窖布局提出了科学密度指标体系。作者还对水窖工程技术存在问题提出了对策 ,并推荐迷宫式沉沙池以完善目前窑窖工程的技术环节。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂在土壤N转化过程中的作用

综述了脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对土壤氮的转化过程:尿素水解过程、硝化过程、硝酸盐淋溶过程、反硝化过程、微生物固持过程、N矿化过程及气体挥发过程的影响和抑制剂的作用机理,并提出今后研究的发展方向,为今后如何施用抑制剂来提高土壤中氮素利用率和减少环境污染提供一定的参考价值。     

浅谈水土保持产业化经营的理论依据

水土保持产业化需要有坚实的理论来作指导。市场经济要求一切生产经营活动都要遵循市场经济理论 ,实行适应市场要求的产业化经营。水土保持产业化经营要用生态经济学理论作指导 ,使产业化建设和运行达到经济、生态和社会效益的持久统一。扩大经营主体的规模、实行产业群体内部各经济主体的联合 ,是实现水土保持产业化经营的两条重要途径     

寒区旱区间歇性干旱对接种根瘤菌苜蓿草地土壤养分动态的影响

通过盆栽法模拟田间土壤的干湿交替变化过程和强度,研究了寒区旱区间歇性干旱条件对接种根瘤菌(Rhizobia)苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草地土壤养分的影响。结果表明:1年龄苜蓿接种根瘤菌能显著提高土壤全N、有机质、速效N、速效K和速效P含量,而对土壤pH和全P含量影响不大,间歇性干旱处理能显著降低土壤全N、有机质、全P、速效N、速效P和速效K含量,且土壤养分下降量总体上为有机质>全P>全N>速效K>速效N>速效P;通过相关和回归分析,土壤全P和有机质含量的下降量与干湿交替间隔周期呈显著直线正相关(P<0.05),土壤速效K和速效P含量的下降量与干湿交替间隔周期呈显著直线负相关(P<0.05);当干湿交替间隔周期相同时,土壤全N、全P、速效N和有机质含量的下降量,50%田间持水量的处理大于80%田间持水量的处理,而土壤速效K和速效P含量的下降量,50%田间持水量的处理小于80%田间持水量的处理。     

Aggregate Stability and Its Relationship with Some ChemicalProperties of Red Soils in Subtropical China

The stability of aggregates in the surface soil is crucial to soil erosion and runoff generation. Thus, to understand the stability and the breakdown mechanisms of soil aggregates as well as the relationship between aggregate stability and selected soil chemical properties, such as different forms of Fe and A1 oxides, organic matter, CEC and clay content, the aggregates of slightly and severely eroded red soils derived from Quaternary red clay in subtropical China were analyzed using the routine wet sieving and the Le Bissonnais methods. The results indicated that the aggregates of the severely eroded soils were more stable than those of the slightly eroded soils. Different aggregate breakdown mechanisms resulted in different particle size distribution. The slaking from entrapped air in aggregates severely destroyed the soil aggregates,especially in the slightly eroded soils. Meanwhile, mechanical breakdown and microcracking had little effect on the aggregates compared to slaking. The fragments resulting from slaking were mainly microaggregates that increased in size with increasing clay content. The main fragment size of the slightly eroded soils was 1.0-0.2 mm, while for the severely eroded soils it was 5.0-2.0 mm and 1.0-0.5 mm. Overall, more than 20% of the fragments were smaller than 0.2 mm.In addition, aggregate stability was positively and often significantly correlated with Fed, Ald, Feo and clay content, but significantly and negatively correlated to SOC.     

Cl-对土壤中肥料氮、微生物数量和酶活性的影响

Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of Cl^- on transformation of fertilizer N,number of microorganisms and enzyme activities in soils.It is indicated that Cl^- did not show significant influence on total number of bacteria,actinomyces and fungi,but significantly reduced the number of nitrosolbacteria, which led to decrease of NO3^- content in the soil.Application of Cl^- to soil could significantly enhance the adtivities of phosphatase and urease in the coastal saline soil and orthic aquisols,In hilly red soil,however,the application of Cl^-1 at the rate of 500-1000mg Cl^- kg^-1 soil significantly decreased the activity of the two enzymes mentioned above.     

水蚀条件下土壤初始含水量对黄土坡地溶质迁移的影响

水蚀条件下坡地水分溶质迁移规律对农业生产和水土资源保护具有重要作用.通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究了1.3%,5.7%,9.7%,14.2%和18.9%共5个含水量坡地土壤PO3-4、K 和Br-的迁移特征.结果表明溶质流失量和流失率均随土壤初始含水量的增加而增加,径流中溶质平均浓度与前期含水量呈抛物线关系,1.3%含水量坡地平均浓度均高于5.7%和9.7%坡地,18.9%含水量坡地最高.溶质在土壤剖面的垂向迁移量由大至小依次为:Br-＞K ＞PO3-4.前期含水量越低,非吸附性的Br-向较深土层的入渗量越大.K 和PO3-4的质量传递系数Km均随土壤初始含水量增加而增加,Br-和K 的Km较大,PO3-4的Km最小.基于对流一弥散理论的质量传递系数Km可以反映非吸附性Br-随地表径流迁移的特征,但不能够反映土壤侵蚀对吸附性K 和PO3-4地表流失的影响.避免在雨季里喷施大量速效肥料,可以有效地减少养分,尤其是吸附性养分的地表流失.     

工业型城乡交错区土壤重金属含量及其空间分异的特征-以无锡典型城乡交错区为例

Phosphorus （P） is necessary for growth and nitrogen fixation, and thus its deficiency is a major factor limiting legume production in most agricultural soils. The effect of phosphorus supply on nodule development and its role in soybeans （Glycine max L.） was studied in a nutrient solution. Plants were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and grown for 35 days in a glasshouse at a day and night temperature of 25℃ and 15℃, respectively. Although increasing P supply increased the concentrations of P and N in the shoots and roots, the external P supply did not significantly affect the P concentration in the nodules, and the N fixed per unit nodule biomass decreased with increasing P supply. The nitrogen content in the shoots correlated well with the P content （r=0.92＊＊）. At an inoculation level of 10^2 cells mL^-1, the P supply did not affect the number of nodules; however, at inoculation levels of 10^3.5 and 10^5 cells mL^-1, increasing P supply increased both the number and size of nodules. Irrespective of the inoculation level, increasing P supply increased the nodule biomass relative to the biomass of the host plant. It is suggested that the P deficiency specifically inhibited the nodule development and thereby the total N2 fixation.