造林密度和修枝对‘欧美107杨’生长量的影响

以3种造林密度‘欧美107杨’为研究对象,通过测定不同年份胸径、树高、枝下高等,来分析造林密度及修枝对‘欧美107杨’生长量的影响.结果表明,‘欧美107杨’胸径和单株材积生长量随着造林密度的增大而减小,即3种造林密度‘欧美107杨’2a胸径和单株材积生长量由高到低依次为株行距3m×12m、5m×6m、3m×6m,而树高生长量变化趋势正好相反.修枝在一定程度上能促进树高生长和提高枝下高,有利于提高杨树木材质量.     

不同类型植烟土壤施氮水平对烤烟生长发育的影响

采用田间试验法,探讨了不同类型植烟土壤施氮水平对烤烟生长发育的影响．结果表明：施用氮肥有利于提高烤烟的单叶重,烟叶烟碱含量与施氮量、总氮、总糖、还原糖、氮碱比、糖碱比、糖氮比等的相关性较高．综合考虑田间试验不同施氮量处理的烤烟产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比例及内在化学成分,初步得出：在没有施用有机肥的条件下,在土壤碱解氮含量为105．61、142．29、168．37mg·kg^-1的黄泥田、灰黄泥砂田、青格灰泥田中分别施氮165．0—192．0、142．5—165．0、120．0—142．5kg·hm^-2,有利于优质烟叶的形成．     

半干旱区不同覆膜时期、方式与膜色对土壤水分及马铃薯水分利用效率的影响

在宁夏中部干旱区,通过两年田间试验研究了不同覆膜时期、方式及膜色处理对马铃薯农田土壤水分、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与裸地栽培相比较,各处理均能提高土壤水分。早春双垄全膜0～100 cm土壤水分含量沟内白膜18.10%和黑膜19.73%,节水18.66 mm和38.46 mm,半膜覆盖白膜17.94%和黑膜16.70%,节水16.77 mm和1.89 mm;马铃薯苗期—现蕾期—开花期—块茎生长期生育阶段,2010—2011年各处理0～200 cm土壤贮水量较裸地高,早春白膜双垄全覆膜处理节水39.23～40.65、24.51～31.08 mm和21.75～30.88 mm,早春黑膜双垄全覆膜处理节水56.85～20.21、37.81～-4.72 mm和29.06～-3.26 mm,播期白膜双垄全覆膜处理节水84.04、88.46 mm和58.87 mm,播期黑膜双垄全覆膜处理节水94.90、60.59 mm和71.94 mm,早春白膜半膜平覆处理节水45.53～-12.25、22.95～6.28 mm和44.97～32.45 mm,早春黑膜半膜平覆处理节水-7.42～18.15、-15.83～16.53 mm和15.85～-17.12 mm,播期白膜半膜平覆处理节水24.03、-3.79 mm和20.32 mm,播期黑膜半膜平覆处理节水-5.2、-40.42 mm和-3.34 mm。各处理0～200 cm土壤水分垂直变化,0～40 cm土壤水分最活跃层次,无明显变化规律,40～80 cm土壤水分变化呈现出规律变化,土壤水分含量表现为高—低—高—低,水分蓄墒层,80～120 cm土层水分缺墒层,120～200 cm深墒 稳定层。地膜栽培能提高马铃薯产量,早春白膜双垄全覆膜模式马铃薯鲜薯产量35 007.85 kg·hm^-2,较裸地增产29.31%,降水生产效率116.35 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,提高36.15%,早春黑膜双垄全覆膜模式33 823.75 kg·hm^-2,增产24.9%,降水生产效率105.7 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1,提高25%。在干旱地区应推广提早覆膜、双垄全覆膜、膜色黑膜或白膜的抗旱节水栽培模式,该模式节水、增产、生态效益明显。     

缓释肥侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响

利用田间小区试验,系统研究了基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:与农民常规施肥处理(FP)比较,侧条施肥技术高缓释肥处理(HF)水稻氮素投入比农民常规施肥处理(FP)降低约40%,水稻产量没有显著降低,穗粒数比农民常规施肥处理增加了8.36%。侧条施肥技术显著提高了水稻地上部吸氮量和氮肥偏生产力,降低了氮素的表观损失量。侧条施肥各处理氮肥偏生产力在39.1~67.8之间,显著高于FP处理的23.7。FP处理氮素表观损失量高达174.2 kg·hm^-2,侧条施肥各处理表观损失量在23.2~61.9 kg·hm^-2之间。综合考虑水稻产量和环境因素,基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术是一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术。     

雅鲁藏布江源区近35年气候变化特征

为揭示雅江源区风沙化土地发育的气候变化背景,通过对雅江源区周边4个基本气象站1973-2007年的逐日气象资料进行等权平均取值.采用气候线性趋势分析法,研究了气温、降水、日照时数、风速等气象因子近35 a的变化特征及趋势.结果表明:(1)雅江源区多年平均降水量为206.12 mm,日平均气温为2.77℃、最高气温为10.72℃、最低气温为-4.81℃,年日照时数为3 295.16 h,年平均风速为2.92 m/s.(2)近35 a来,雅江源区气候变暖趋势明显,1986年以后,平均气温线性升温率为0.77℃/10 a,高于近35 a来的平均值0.47℃/10 a和珠峰地区5站平均线性升温率为0.234℃/10 a.(3)年平均降水量的波动较大,增加趋势不明显,平均增长率为0.43 mm/10 a.降水量主要集中于5-9月,占全年降水量的89.72%.年平均日照时数波动性较大,上升趋势不显著.以5月和10月较高,1月最低.年平均风速下降趋势明显,以3月最大,为3.67 m/s,11月最小,为2.20 m/s.可见,雅江源区是中国同期升温最显著的区域.     

Differential Expression Analysis of MUC4 and MUC13 Genes Between Resistant and Sensitive Weaned Meishan Piglets to ETEC F18

MUC4 and MUC13 genes as important candidate genes for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil (ETEC) F4 resistance,may play an important role in the process of against ETEC F18 infection in weaned piglets. In this study,ETEC F18-resistant and -sensitive weaned Meishan piglets were used,and the expression levels of MUC4 and MUC13 genes in 11 tissues (heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,stomach,muscle,thymus,lymph nodes,duodenum and jejunum) were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that MUC4 and MUC13 genes were broadly expressed with different expression levels in all the 11 tissues. In the thymus and lymph tissues,the expression of MUC4 gene in resistant piglets was significantly higher than that in sensitive piglets (P<0.05);In the lung tissue,theMUC13 gene expression level in resistant individuals was significantly higher than that in sensitive individuals (P<0.05),and in the intestinal tissues of duodenum and jejunum, the expression level of MUC13 gene was relatively higher in resistant individuals. Thus we speculated that the high expression of MUC4 gene in immune tissues and MUC13 gene in intestinal tissues might improve the immune ability of piglets,protect and lubricate the intestinal tract, and resist ETEC F18 infection.     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.     

微贮秸秆与秸秆育肥羊只的比较试验

秸秆微贮后 ,秸秆发生了质的变化 ,这一变化 ,提高了饲草利用价值和适口性 ,加快了羊只增重。试验将秸秆微贮技术引入景泰 ,通过微贮秸秆和未微贮秸秆育肥羊只进行对比 ,结果表明 ,在 6 0 d育肥期内 ,秸秆微贮料育肥羊平均日增重 4 4 .8g,对照组日增重 7.1g,提高 5.3倍     

超抗原研究进展

超抗原为一类特殊的抗原分子，对机体的免疫系统可产生重要的影响，与许多疾病有着极其密切的关系。按其作用的细胞种类，可分为T细胞超抗原（T－SAg)及B细胞超抗原（B－SAg)。T－SAg具极高的T细胞激活频率，反复刺激还可诱导免疫耐受。B－SAg能刺激B细胞产生大量免疫蛋白，激活体液免疫反应和补体级联反应并可特异性诱导B细胞凋亡。据超抗原的作用机制研制超抗原疫苗，将对由于超抗原引起的疾病的防制提供一种新的思路。