兔眼越桔引种浙江的生物学特性初步研究

通过对兔眼越桔杰兔、顶峰、灿烂、圆蓝和粉蓝等 5个品种的生长、开花、坐果、果实生长发育等生物学和生长特性进行引种试验观察,评价品种其适应性及用途.结果表明:兔眼越桔具有良好的观赏价值,果树栽培的特性各品种间有差异,5个品种均适合作为绿化观赏树种栽培,而果树栽培则选择灿烂、顶峰较适宜.     

Cross-breeding and Selection of Flammulina velutipes Hybrid Strains for Industrial Cultivation

White Flammulina velutipes strains FM0 F21,F10 and F3-W were selected as the parental strains in a single-spore cross-breeding experiment.Thirty basidiospore-derived monokaryons were selected randomly from each parental strain,and mating was carried out according to the mating groups:FM×F21,FM×F3-W and F3-W×F10.Integrative analysis revealed that hybrid progenies from the FM×F21 mating group exhibited the highest mating rate (79%).However,only 59.2% of these hybrids produced measurable fruit body yields c...     

杂交选育工厂化生产的金针菇菌株

以白色金针菇菌株FM、F21、F10和F3-W为亲本,各亲本分别选取30个有性孢子单核体进行3个组合间的相互交配实验。对杂交后代的综合分析表明,不同组合间在杂交成功率、杂交子代菌丝生长速度和子实体单产等性状方面表现各自特点,其中FM×F21组合的交配获取双核体成功率最高,为79％;FM×F3-W和F10×F3-W的成功率分别为28％和42％;3个组合可统计栽培产量的菌株数占参加栽培实验的菌株数的比例分别为59％、83％和84％。两组数据分别反映了不同组合间交配型因子的差异程度和杂交子代对栽培条件的适应性。3个组合获得杂交子代的子实体颜色均为白色,栽培实验结果显示,菌丝生长速度和单产间不具有相关性。     

杏叶片矿质营养研究进展

杏是我国最古老的栽培果树之一,杏花败育造成结实率低是当前杏生产中普遍存在的主要问题。矿质元素是果树生长结实不可缺少的重要营养物质,植物叶营养分析已成为了解植物体内营养状况,进行矿质营养研究的一种基本手段。研究杏叶片矿质营养对探索杏花败育原理、杏树营养育种等都具有理论和实用意义,也为合理施肥以改善杏果实品质提供依据。我们根据近几年来杏叶片营养分析技术的研究成果,总结了杏树叶片矿质营养的研究方法、影响因素、动态变化以及叶片矿质元素含量与产量、果实品质等的关系,结合我国杏生产中存在的问题,提出了今后杏矿质营养研究的方向。     

紫花苜蓿MsMBF 1c基因在拟南芥中 表达提高转基因植株的耐热性

高温能危害植物的生长发育,是限制紫花苜蓿在南方地区推广的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。从“中苜1号”紫花苜蓿品种克隆获得紫花苜蓿多桥蛋白1c(Medicago sativa Multi protein Bridging Factors 1c, MsMBF1c)全长编码序列,发现紫花苜蓿MsMBF1c蛋白与拟南芥AtMBF1c蛋白同源相似性高达72%。分析MsMBF1c在根、茎、叶、花和果实等不同组织中,以及在高温、干旱以及高温和干旱组合胁迫条件下的表达模式,发现该基因在不同组织中的表达强度依次为花>根>叶>茎>果实;MsMBF1c显著受高温、干旱以及高温和干旱组合诱导,分别被上调4.21、2.15和4.59倍。构建pBI121-35S: MsMBF1c过量表达载体并转入模式植物拟南芥(wild type, WT),在T₃代获得卡那抗性不分离的过量表达株系(over expression, OE);利用OE与Atmbf1c突变体(mutant, MUT)杂交的方法获得互补株系(complementary, COM),并通过PCR与qRT-PCR的方法进行分子和表达验证。平行比较OE、COM、MUT以及WT等不同拟南芥株系在高温胁迫后的种子发芽率和幼苗存活率,在正常情况下,OE、COM、MUT以及WT拟南芥株系种子的发芽率没有显著差异(97.6%~100.0%),高温胁迫后,WT发芽率下降到71.7%,MUT发芽率下降到66.0%,显著低于WT(P<0.05);而COM与3个独立的OE株系的发芽率达79.3%~87.0%,显著高于WT(P<0.05)。在幼苗耐热试验中,OE、COM、MUT以及WT株系的存活率在正常条件下差异不显著,高温胁迫后,WT幼苗存活率下降到16.7%,MUT下降到10.0%,显著低于WT(P<0.05);而COM与3个独立的OE株系存活率下降到40.0%~76.7%,显著高于WT(P<0.05)。利用real-time PCR方法,分析HSFA1a、HSFA2、HSFA3、HSFB1、WRKY25、WRKY18、DREB2a等耐热调节关键基因在OE、MUT和WT拟南芥株系的相对表达情况,在正常条件下,HSFA2、WRKY18与DREB2a在MUT株系中的表达显著低于WT(0.33~0.47)。而在OE株系中,除HSFA1a外,HSFA2、HSFA3、HSFB1、WRKY25、WRKY18、DREB2a的表达相对WT株系都有不同程度上调,幅度为1.74~3.80。高温胁迫后,与WT相比,HSFA2、HSFA3、HSFB1、WRKY18与DREB2a在MUT株系中的表达中被显著下调,在OE株系中,只有WRKY18显著高于WT外,其余基因的表达在OE与WT株系中差异不显著。综合分析,MsMBF1c是一个功能比较保守的耐热调节基因,过量表达MsMBF1c能够互补拟南芥mbf1c突变体耐热缺失表型,并能够增强拟南芥在种子萌发与幼苗生长阶段的耐热性。MsMBF1c可能与AtMBF1c一样,与其他耐热调节关键基因互作调节植物耐热性。     

牛疱疹病毒糖蛋白D的结构特点及其在疫苗研发中的应用

来自牛疱疹病毒1和5型(BoHV-1和BoHV-5)的病毒囊膜糖蛋白D(gD)是病毒的主要组成成分,并且在疱疹病毒的致病机理中起到关键作用。gD对于病毒侵入细胞是必不可少的,是病毒感染细胞期间中和抗体的主要靶标。鉴于其在诱导保护性免疫方面的作用,已使用该糖蛋白作为主要抗原开发出亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和载体疫苗候选物,证明gD具有在宿主中诱导较强病毒中和抗体和细胞介导的免疫应答以及对宿主进行免疫保护的能力。论文着重介绍了BoHV-1、BoHV-5和一些人类疱疹病毒gD的结构和功能特征,阐述了gD与宿主免疫系统的反应及gD在新型疫苗设计中的应用,为全面了解gD结构特点及其在疫苗研发中的作用提供借鉴。     

不同比例全株玉米青贮饲粮对生长育肥猪生产性能、抗氧化和空肠ghrelin分布和表达的影响

本试验是在国家"粮改饲"的大背景下,旨在研究不同比例全株玉米青贮饲粮对生长育肥猪生产性能、血清和肝脏抗氧化以及空肠ghrelin分布和表达的影响。选取胎次、体质量相近(33.16±3.49)kg的生长育肥猪(杜×长×大)32头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复。对照组(SC0)饲喂基础饲粮,营养水平参照NY/T65-2004瘦肉型猪标准供给,20～60 kg生长猪试验组分别为20%(ESC20),30%(ESC30),40%(ESC40)发酵青贮全株玉米饲粮,使干物质基础上的营养水平分别为对照组的98%、96%,94%,使4个处理的粗纤维水平分别为3.0%,3.5%,4.0%,4.5%。60～100 kg育肥猪试验组分别为40%(LSC40),50%(LSC50),60%(LSC60)发酵青贮全株玉米饲粮,使干物质基础上营养水平分别为对照组的97%,94%,91%,使4个处理的粗纤维水平分别为3.0%,4.0%,5.0%,5.5%,各处理饲粮干物质基础养分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。预饲期7 d,正式期98 d。结果表明,随着饲粮全株玉米比例的增加,生长育肥猪的末质量、平均日增质量(ADG)、血清铜蓝蛋白(CER)、空肠ghrelin阳性反应累积光密度(IOD)和空肠ghrelin mRNA相对表达量均呈线性降低(P<0.05),而新鲜基础采食量(ADFI)、日粗纤维采食量(ADCFI)、干物质采食量(ADDFI)和料质量比均呈线性升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,ESC20/LSC40和ESC30/LSC50全株玉米处理组的生产性能、血清和肝脏抗氧化以及空肠ghrelin的表达均差异不显著(P>0.05);但是,ESC40/LSC60全株玉米处理组的末质量、ADG、CER、空肠ghrelin阳性反应累积光密度和空肠ghrelin mRNA相对表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。新鲜全株玉米可用作生长育肥猪的低营养水平饲粮配制,并能保障生产性能,改善猪的健康状况。生长猪适宜的全株青贮玉米使用比例为20%～30%,育肥猪适宜的使用比例为全株青贮玉米40%～50%。此结果为国家"粮改饲"政策的实施及全株保鲜玉米在猪生产上的应用提供了理论依据。     

Analysis of Ribosome Genotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Pigs and Chickens

This study was to investigate the ribosome genotyping and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from 2 large-scale farms in Shanghai.40 isolates were evaluated for their sensitivity to 12 antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution,and the ribosome genotyping (ribotype) was characterized by the Riboprinter^® Microbial Characterization System.The resistance rates of most antimicrobial drug were relatively high and multidrug resistant strains were detected with more than 80%.4 strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from pigs were resistant to vancomycin,including 2 strains of vancomycin highly resistant (MIC>64 mg/L) with the same time highly resistant to gentamicin and streptomycin (MIC>2 048 mg/L).The results showed that multidrug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis was a serious issue,and the resistant phenotypes of the same type of ribotype was not entirely consistent.     

平邑甜茶×扎矮山定子杂交后代的胚胎发育特征研究

 利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）和石蜡切片技术对平邑甜茶与扎矮山定子杂交获得的6个皱叶矮生型株系的胚胎发育过程及发育特性进行了观察与研究。结果表明：各皱叶矮生型株系在胚胎发育过程中表现出的特征大体相同,能进行正常的减数分裂并由功能性大孢子形成的有性胚囊表现出良好的发育趋势;在开花当天至花后2 d,各株系的胚囊中均出现了精核或花粉内容物,观察到了部分株系的受精卵;在花后10 d左右原胚形成。另外,在胚囊发育的特定时期,胚囊内细胞核的分布方式各株系间略有差异;在部分株系中观察到了少数多胚囊现象。综合而言,皱叶矮生型株系的胚胎发育特征是以有性生殖为主要的生殖方式,与亲本扎矮山定子的胚胎发育特征较为一致;而与亲本平邑甜茶不同,未出现平邑甜茶胚胎发育中的复杂现象并表现出较低的无融合生殖能力。     

Effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine on mitochondria in acute lung injury induced by LPS in rats

AIM: To examine the effect of nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), on mitochondria from acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in rats. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS injury group and L-NA treatment group. The model of acute lung injury was prepared with injection of LPS in rats. L-NA was respectively administrated through intraperitoneal injection at 3 h after injury induced by LPS. The rats were killed and the mitochondria in lung tissues were isolated by differential centrifugation. The activities of T-NOS, iNOS, ATPase, SOD and GSH-Px, and the contents of NO and MDA from mitochondria were respectively measured. The changes of ultrastructure in lung mitochondria were examined by electronic microscope after injury and L-NA treatment. RESULTS: The activities of T-NOS and iNOS were significantly increased, the activities of ATPase, SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased, the contents of NO and MDA were increased after acute lung injury. L-NA significantly enhanced the activities of ATPase, SOD and GSH-Px, and markedly decreased the contents of NO and MDA and the activities of T-NOS and iNOS. CONCLUSION: L-NA inhibits the activity of NOS in mitochondria, decreases the production of NO, improves mitochondria energy pump, ameliorates oxidative injury, and effectively protects lung tissue against acute lung injury induced by LPS.