Experiment Investigation on Separating Characteristic for Heavy Metal in Cumulate MSW Under 135 Meters Submersed Area of Three-gorge Reservoir

The separating characteristic of element in cumulate MSW is a very important base to investigate the synthetically managing technology and estimate the water environment effects in Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR). The experiment to marinate the cumulate MSW under 135 meters for TGR in water is finished, and the same time, the Separating Distributing Coefficient (SDC) and the Separating Velocity Rate (SVR) of each heavy metal in water are presented, too. The experiment results show that the SDC of Cd is the smallest, the Ratio for Water and MSW (RWM) and marinating time play an important role in SDC and SVR, the SDC and SVR change smaller while the RWM get to 400, the separating content of heavy metal can reach 0.75 during three weeks, SVR decreases more with marinate time's increasing, and SVR gets an limit value with smaller RWM. The results can be a base for deeply studying the managing technology and the cumulate MSW under 135 meters for TGR.     

3-D Simulation on the Transient Heat Transfer Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Lump in Clean Incinerator

To be effectively heated in incinerator for MSW is very important for stabilization and completeness combustion, the smaller produce of the PCDD/Fs. At the same time, the transient heat transfer characteristics of the MSW lump decides the stay time of the MSW in incinerator and effects on the operation feature of the combustion equipments. All of these would lead to design the reasonable and clean combustion project, the optimum incinerator and recover energy system. The component, shape, dimension, property, the hardly and inner structure feature of the MSW lump are taken in account, and the effective conduct heat coefficient has been adopted. And then, the physical model is setup with different shape(ball, cylinder, squareness), and the 3-D mathematical model and conduct heat efficient with porous feature for transient heat transfer of MSW lump are presented, at the same time, the simulation tests are gotten in various boundary and the interesting conclusions are gotten: The center stable temperature of the MSW lump is mostly decided by the inner gas temperature of the incinerator and the heated area of the lump. The transient heat transfer characteristics is variously effected by the shape of the MSW lump in incinerator. The transient process becomes longer and the center stable temperature decreases, the volatile can't be easily separated out and the combustion efficiency decreases because of the increasing of the lump feature dimension.     

Design and Experimental Analysis of Silicon Oil Clutch

采用热水浸提、醇沉法提取红枣多糖,对红枣多糖提取工艺与一般理化性质进行了研究.选择浸提固液比、温度、时间和浸提次数作为单因素进行梯度实验,确定其条件范围,再通过正交实验L9(33)进一步确定红枣水溶性多糖最佳提取工艺条件.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:固液比1:7,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间2 h,反复浸提2次.理化性质研究结果表明,提取的红枣多糖中含有多肽和AA,为蛋白质复合多糖.     

液体培养研究不同土壤中硝化活性

A red soil, a fluvo-aquic soil and a permeable paddy soil were used in a long-term investigation to study changes in nitrification with treatments: 1) soil incubation, 2) liquid incubation inoculated with soil samples, and 3) liquid incubation inoculated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from the soils. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in nitrification rates among the three soils when measured for 28 days by adding (NH4)2SO4 at the rate of 154 mg N kg-1 dry soil to fresh soil. However, the amounts of nitrifying bacteria in the three soils were not related to soil nitrification capacity. When the soil samples or the isolates of AOB enriched from the corresponding soil were incubated in liquid with pH 5.8, 7.0 and 8.0 buffers and 10 mmol L-1 ammonium nitrogen, there were no significant nitrification differences in the same soil type at each pH. The ability to oxidize ammonia through AOB from different types of soils in a homogeneous culture medium was similar, and the soil nitrification capacity could reflect the inherent properties of a soil. Altering the culture medium pH of individual soil type also showed that acidification of an alkaline fluvo-aquic soil decreased nitrification capacity, whereas alkalinization of the acidic red soil and permeable paddy soil increased their nitrification. For a better insight into factors influencing soil nitrification processes, soil properties including texture and clay composition should be considered.     

河龙区间坝库参数与减沙效益关系研究

对黄河中游河龙区间晋西北片、陕北片坝库控制面积占比、坝库单位面积库容等参数与水利水土保持措施减沙效益关系进行了研究，结果表明：（1）晋西北片若没有坝库工程，仅靠水土保持坡面治理措施只能取得14％的减沙效益；每增加100km^2的坝库控制面积，即可提高2％的减沙效益；每增加400万m^2的库容，即可提高1％的减沙效益;坝库单位面积库容每提高1万m^2／km^2，减沙效益即可提高约10％。（2）陕北片减沙效益主要由坝库工程产生。减沙效益提高10％，坝库单位面积库容需要提高5万m^2／km^2。要使流域水土保持综合治理减沙效益达到20％以上，坝库单位面积库容应在6万m^2／km^2以上。（3）在黄河中游多沙粗沙区，要实现40％左右的减沙效益，坝库单位面积库容应达到167／m^2／km^2以上。     

热胁迫下萝卜干物质形成特性研究

本文研究了萝卜不同耐热品种在高温胁迫下的生长表现,叶面积、干物质变化。结果表明:热胁迫对萝卜生长的影响主要是叶面积下降,根腐病大量发生,导致个体变小、品质变劣、产量下降。热胁迫下萝卜播收期为60 d,播种后30 d为长叶期,30~60d为长根期。通过苗期单位面积叶鲜重与收获期有效根率测定可预测萝卜耐热性。     

硫酸盐对小白鼠钼代谢的影响

实验选择健康小白鼠52只,体重(20±0.8)g,适应5d后,随机分为4组,每组13只,实验56d。定期剖杀检查,结果表明:I和II组小白鼠有轻度中毒表现,II组与III组RBC差异显者(P<0.05),HB呈下降趋势,组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),II组与III组WBC差异显著(P<0.05),I组ANAE+阳性率略高于IV组,II组ANAE+阳性率持续下降,6周后与I组差异显著(P<0.05),硫与钼存在剂量效应关系。     

4种营养物质对藓结皮形成发育的影响

【目的】研究葡萄糖以及含氮、磷、钾、镁的营养物质对藓结皮形成发育的影响,为黄土丘陵区生物土壤结皮的人工修复提供技术指导。【方法】以陕北黄土丘陵区自然发育的藓结皮为繁殖材料,进行室内人工培养试验,在培养基中分别添加不同质量浓度的葡萄糖(10,20,30,40,50 g/L)、硝酸铵(0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 g/L)、磷酸二氢钾(0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0 g/L)、硫酸镁(0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 g/L),以不添加营养物质为空白对照(CK),当藓结皮生长30 d时,测定藓结皮盖度、藓株密度和藓株高,研究以上营养物质对藓结皮形成发育的影响。【结果】1)添加的4种营养物质中,用葡萄糖处理时藓结皮生长最好,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度均最大,分别达到了17.2%和14.6株/cm2;硫酸镁次之;用硝酸铵、磷酸二氢钾处理时,藓结皮盖度、藓株密度、藓株高与CK相比差异均不显著。2)随着葡萄糖质量浓度的增加,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度逐渐增大,且均在葡萄糖质量浓度为50 g/L时达到最大,分别为21.2%和18.9株/cm2。3)随着硝酸铵质量浓度的增加,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度呈先增加后减小的趋势,当硝酸铵质量浓度为1.0 g/L时均达到最大,分别为18.1%和16.3株/cm2。4)随着磷酸二氢钾质量浓度的增加,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度也呈先增加后减小的趋势,在磷酸二氢钾质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度均达到最大,磷酸二氢钾质量浓度为8.0 g/L时均降至最小。5)硫酸镁质量浓度为0.25 g/L时,藓结皮盖度和藓株密度均最大,分别达到了17.2%和14.8株/cm2。【结论】在土壤培养基中添加葡萄糖和硫酸镁可以显著提高藓结皮盖度和藓株密度;低质量浓度的硝酸铵对藓结皮的生长有促进作用,高质量浓度反而表现出抑制作用;磷酸二氢钾一次性施入培养基土壤时,其对藓结皮的形成发育没有影响;硫酸镁对藓结皮的形成发育有一定影响,但影响结果因其质量浓度不同而存在较大差异。