大凉山特贫区农业“生态转型”探析

系统分析了大凉山特贫区生态生活的两危困境,提出了农业生态转型的探索模式,搞好流域规划开发和基础设施建设。     

串珠镰刀菌素的培养提取及对鸡的免疫病理损伤

从广东某饲料厂所用玉米上分离到串珠镰刀菌,并将该菌株接种玉米面,在25℃培养10d,转4℃培养7d,再转25℃培养10d的条件下,进行产毒培养。培养物灭菌干燥后采用乙腈-水(95∶5)提取串珠镰刀菌素(MON),并用薄层色谱验证和高效液相色谱测定提取物MON含量;将提取的MON按照23mg/kg加入试验组雏鸡饲料中,进行毒性试验,测定试验鸡免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏指数及血清中一氧化氮的含量。结果表明:试验组比对照组鸡的胸腺、法氏囊及胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),血清中NO含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。     

成品油顺序输送交替过程中摩阻损失的计算

在管道输送成品油过程中,沿线压力的变化主要是由管道特性的变化和不同密度油品在管道中交替产生的,某时刻管道的流量将由各站间供能(启泵方案)、耗能(沿程阻力)以及高程决定。随着混油段的移动,管内流量必然会发生变化。结合实例,对不同油品在管道中交替时摩阻损失随时间的变化进行了计算和分析。     

A fine map for maternal lineage analysis by mitochondrial hypervariable region in 12 Chinese goat breeds

As the fast pace of genomic research continues to identify mitochondrial lineages in animals, it has become apparent that many independent studies are needed to support a robust phylogenetic inference. The aim of this study was thus to further characterize the maternal lineage, proposed to originate in southwestern region of China, using a wider survey of diverse goat breeds in China. To this end, we sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the mtDNA control region in 145 goats of 12 Chinese breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chinese goats were classified into four distinct lineages (A, B, C and D) as previously reported. A Mantel test and the analysis of Analysis of Molecular Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was not an obvious geographic structure among Chinese goat breeds. Population expansion analysis based on mismatch distribution and Fu's Fs statistic indicate that two expansion events in Chinese goats occurred respectively at about 11 and 29 mutational time units ago, revealing two star-like subclades in lineage B corresponding to two population expansion events. Moreover, lineage B sequences were presented only in the breeds of southwestern or surrounding regions of China. Multiple lines of evidence from this study and previous studies indicate that for Chinese goats mtDNA lineage B originated from the southwestern region of China.     

杧果新病害露水斑病病原菌对杀菌剂敏感性测定

【目的】探讨防治大田杧果露水斑病的有效方法,为了给该病的大田防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用生长速率法,通过初筛从30种杀菌剂中筛选出了11种抑菌率大于50%的杀菌剂,并进行了室内毒力测定。【结果】抑菌效果较好的是吡唑醚菌酯、多抗霉素B、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、咪酰胺、苯甲丙环唑(爱苗)、溴菌腈,EC50介于0.17~0.59 mg·L-1;其次是氟硅唑、丙环唑,EC50介于0.73~0.80 mg·L-1;较差的是肟菌·戊唑醇和戊唑醇,EC50接近于2 mg·L-1。从斜率值来看,该病菌对多菌灵、溴菌腈、苯醚甲环唑的敏感性较强。【结论】吡唑醚菌酯、多抗霉素B、多菌灵、溴菌腈、咪酰胺和苯醚甲环唑具有较好的应用潜力,值得进一步大田试验。     

Experiment Investigation on Separating Characteristic for Heavy Metal in Cumulate MSW Under 135 Meters Submersed Area of Three-gorge Reservoir

The separating characteristic of element in cumulate MSW is a very important base to investigate the synthetically managing technology and estimate the water environment effects in Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR). The experiment to marinate the cumulate MSW under 135 meters for TGR in water is finished, and the same time, the Separating Distributing Coefficient (SDC) and the Separating Velocity Rate (SVR) of each heavy metal in water are presented, too. The experiment results show that the SDC of Cd is the smallest, the Ratio for Water and MSW (RWM) and marinating time play an important role in SDC and SVR, the SDC and SVR change smaller while the RWM get to 400, the separating content of heavy metal can reach 0.75 during three weeks, SVR decreases more with marinate time's increasing, and SVR gets an limit value with smaller RWM. The results can be a base for deeply studying the managing technology and the cumulate MSW under 135 meters for TGR.     

3-D Simulation on the Transient Heat Transfer Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Lump in Clean Incinerator

To be effectively heated in incinerator for MSW is very important for stabilization and completeness combustion, the smaller produce of the PCDD/Fs. At the same time, the transient heat transfer characteristics of the MSW lump decides the stay time of the MSW in incinerator and effects on the operation feature of the combustion equipments. All of these would lead to design the reasonable and clean combustion project, the optimum incinerator and recover energy system. The component, shape, dimension, property, the hardly and inner structure feature of the MSW lump are taken in account, and the effective conduct heat coefficient has been adopted. And then, the physical model is setup with different shape(ball, cylinder, squareness), and the 3-D mathematical model and conduct heat efficient with porous feature for transient heat transfer of MSW lump are presented, at the same time, the simulation tests are gotten in various boundary and the interesting conclusions are gotten: The center stable temperature of the MSW lump is mostly decided by the inner gas temperature of the incinerator and the heated area of the lump. The transient heat transfer characteristics is variously effected by the shape of the MSW lump in incinerator. The transient process becomes longer and the center stable temperature decreases, the volatile can't be easily separated out and the combustion efficiency decreases because of the increasing of the lump feature dimension.     

云南栽培稻生态型矿质元素含量的多样性

用ICP-AES测定了新平县相同生态条件下种植653份云南稻资源糙米8种矿质元素含量，并按丁颖的栽培稻生态型对其遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明，云南水稻改良品种糙米P、Fe和Zn含量比地方稻种分别下降10.53%、14.76%和35.16%，但改良品种特别是粳稻Ca含量比地方种高, 8种矿质元素以Ca的多样性指数最大；糙米P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zu、Cu和Mn平均含量以粳稻的Mg、Fe和Zn，水稻的P、K和Mg，陆稻的Fe和Zn，糯稻的K和Fe，早稻的Mg和Fe相对较高。8种矿质元素平均遗传多样性指数依次为粳>籼,陆>水,粘>糯,早中稻>晚稻和地方种>改良种,且P>K>Mn>Mg>Cu>Zn>Fe>Ca；其变异系数依次为Fe>Ca>Cu>Zn>Mn>K>Mg >P。     

甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)千粒重性状遗传体系分析

通过遗传差异较大的2个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）纯系亲本组合（HSTC14×宁油7号）衍生后代的世代家系群体分析，应用主基因+多基因家系世代联合分离分析方法研究油菜千粒重的遗传体系。结果表明，甘蓝型油菜HSTC14×宁油7号组合千粒重遗传体系系由一对主基因+多基因构成，主基因中只有加性效应(d = 0.1062),不存在显     

长江流域生态修复工程的意义及对策

长江流域幅员辽阔 ,自然条件优越 ,水土保持生态建设已引起全社会各界的高度重视。充分发挥生态的修复能力 ,大面积迅速恢复植被和改善生态系统 ,正是顺应时代要求 ,从根本上解决长江流域水土流失防治步伐缓慢这一重大问题的最为有效途径。长江流域大部分地区雨量充沛 ,气候温和 ,植被类型繁多 ,大部分地区植物可全年生长 ,十分有利于植物的繁衍和生态的自我修复。多年的实践表明 ,发挥生态自我修复能力的主要对策是全面规划 ,采取科学的退耕还林、还草 ,实行封禁治理 ,合理解决好农村燃料、饲料和木材等问题 ,积极营造适应生态修复的外部环境和条件