浮床种植草坪草对富营养化水体的净化作用研究

采用浮床种植草坪草技术,研究了高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stolonifera 2种草坪草对富营养化水体的净化能力.试验结果表明,2种草坪草对富营养化水体中的氮(N)、磷(P)、化学需氧量(CODcr)等具有明显的净化效果,尤其对总磷(TP)的净化能力最强,能有效改善富营养化水体的水质;2种草坪草之间,匍匐翦股颖对TP的去除效果显著高于高羊茅对TP的去除效果.研究结果显示浮床种植草坪草技术可能是一条有效的修复富营养化水域的新途径.     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

Analysis of thermal stress in a water pipe of blast furnace copper stave

To solve the general problem that copper staves experience water pipe failure in blast furnace,the effects of constraints on the thermal stress distribution of copper stave water pipe are investigated by thermal-structural coupling analysis.In this study,a mathematical model of thermal stress of copper stave is established to analyze the thermal deformation and stress distribution of water pipe under subject to different types of constraints.The results show that the thermal stress on the root of water pipe is larger than others as the terminal of water pipe is free or being fixed.But the equivalent stress on the root of water pipe is just 45 MPa as the terminal of water pipe is free,which is lower than the yield strength of pure copper.The equivalent stress on the root of water pipe is about 272 MPa as the terminal of water pipe is being fixed,and exceeds the yield strength of pure copper.The water pipes should be flexible.The maximum equivalent stress is about 600 MPa as the water pipe is subjected to the constraint of shell,which is far beyond the yield strength of pure copper.The maximum displacement is located at the end of water pipe and is about 1.73 mm.Then the diameter of the hole should be 120 mm with taking installation error into consideration.     

New Method of Founding Profile Equations and Pressure Angle Formula to the Cylindrical Cam Mechanism with Slide Roller-Follower

According to existent problems on design and application of the cylindrical cam mechanism with the slide roller-follower, the one correct concept about profile design and pressure angle is presented. Based on this concept, the theoretical profile,practical profile,meshing surface equations and pressure angle formula of the cam mechanism are built up by using opp.rotation analysis and offset surface principle. This method is very simple and clear, and avoids the abstract analysing process in meshing principle. The mathematic models built by this paper can be used to design,manufacture and check this type of cam mechanism correctly, and also create conditions to make deeply meshing property analysis of this mechanism.     

高等院校农业科技推广人员激励模式初探

农业科技推广是实现科技成果转化的重要桥梁,是联系科研、教育、生产的重要纽带,是促进农业技术进步、实现农业现代化的重要手段。以大学为依托的农业推广体系,是对以政府为主体的推广体系的有效补充。通过对高等农业院校推广队伍存在的主要问题进行分析,提出了建立推广人员物质激励与精神激励两种模式,并进行了具体分析。     

有机-无机复混肥圆盘造粒试验研究

对有机-无机复混肥圆盘造粒进行试验研究，分析了圆盘转速、圆盘倾角、喷头喷孔直径以及水分含量对颗粒成粒率和颗粒抗压强度的影响，确定了有机一无机复混肥圆盘造粒时较适宜的圆盘倾角、圆盘转速和水分含量。     

常温超高压提取水飞蓟素的研究

为了研究超高压提取水飞蓟素的最佳工艺条件,采用超高压方法在常温条件下提取,正交试验优化设计,紫外分光光度法测定水飞蓟素含量,并与有机溶剂回流提取结果比较.试验得到:超高压提取的最佳工艺条件如下:溶剂75%乙醇,压力400MPa,液固比50mL/g,提取时间3min;提取物纯度28.8%,水飞蓟素收率2.424%,分别高出回流提取35.8%和12.2%.最后得出,超高压提取具有提取温度低(室温)、耗时短、耗能少、提取物纯度高,为水飞蓟有效成分的提取提供了一个新方法.     

我国北方地区节水农业技术水平及评价

在系统分析我国节水农业技术水平现状的基础上 ,对各类节水技术的差距和存在问题进行了探讨 ,提出了各类技术亟待研究解决的若干重点问题。并指出建立以渠道防渗技术、管道输水技术及地面灌水技术为核心 ,符合国情的节水农业技术体系已迫在眉睫。     

基于BIM技术与B/S架构的大坝安全可视化监测系统

为了实现大坝整体结构、安全监测测点布置及监测成果的可视化展示功能,并且能够及时、准确地掌握大坝运行状态和异常情况,以甘再碾压混凝土重力坝为例,对传统大坝安全监测系统存在的问题进行了深入的分析与解答,并围绕问题提出了可视化的大坝安全监测系统思想,利用Revit、Dynamo、Civil3D等主流BIM软件建立了大坝主体结构及监测点的模型族库,集成了大坝及监测系统的三维可视化BIM模型.借用于BIMFACE平台轻量化技术、PHP脚本语言和MySQL数据库等现代化信息技术,开发出基于B/S架构的甘再大坝安全可视化系统,实现了BIM模型的Web轻量化展示,可通过客户端浏览器在三维模型中直观查看大坝结构、监测仪器信息以及监测点时程曲线变化等内容.通过本系统的应用,大大提高了大坝运行期间安全监测的可视化管理水平,同时对传统的大坝安全监测系统提出了现代化的建立方式与思想.     

杨凌区降雨对作物生长适应性的模糊分析

依据模糊数学理论 ,采用模糊综合评判方法 ,从降雨“适量”、“适时”和“有效程度”3个指标出发 ,就杨凌区降水资源对农作物生长发育适应性做了评价分析 ,并提出降雨对作物生长的适宜度模型。通过实地调查与计算分析 ,该模型较好地反映了杨凌区主要作物对该区降雨特征的适宜能力 ,同时也较好地反映了本区降雨资源的地域特征 ,为该地区农作物合理布局决策提供了科学依据