虚拟仪器技术在发动机故障诊断中的应用

为了达到对发动机运行状态进行实时监测和故障诊断的目的,采用PCI-9113A数据采集板实时采集发动机的技术状态参数,以图形化编程语言Lab VIEW实现数据的处理及管理,建立了发动机状态监测及故障诊断系统,实现了发动机振动信号的采集以及数据处理、显示、打印、存储等操作.以该系统为基础,只需添加一些所需要的传感器,同时增加相应的软件模块,就可实现对发动机其它性能参数的监测及故障诊断.     

牛乳溶菌酶概述及应用

溶菌酶又称胞壁质酶,广泛存在于自然界的动物、植物及微生物中。具有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、增强免疫力以及促进组织修复等生物学特性。并且应用于食品、饲料、医学及生物工程之中。针对目前临床中,对于奶牛乳房炎广泛大量使用抗生素,并且存在耐药性、药物残留等现象。重组溶菌酶质粒可以作为基因工程药物替代抗生素对乳房炎的防治,并且安全、无残留、无副作用。同时也还有待于进一步的研发和推广。     

盐碱胁迫对红车轴草种子萌发的影响

以红车轴草种子为试材,利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液、NaHCO_3溶液、NaCl和NaHCO_3(1∶1)混合溶液在培养皿中模拟3种盐碱环境,观察红车轴草种子的萌发状况,以期明确红车轴草的耐盐碱能力。结果表明:红车轴草种子发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗鲜重和胚根长等指标,表现出随NaCl、NaHCO_3、NaCl和NaHCO_3混合溶液(1∶1)浓度的增加,总体呈下降趋势。苗鲜重和胚根长,呈现显著的负相关关系,相对盐害率与溶液浓度呈现正相关关系。NaCl胁迫下红车轴草种子萌发的耐盐浓度8.091‰,半数抑制浓度10.146‰,极限浓度12.200‰;NaHCO_3胁迫下红车轴草萌发的耐盐浓度5.483‰,半数抑制浓度7.434‰,极限浓度9.386‰;NaCl与NaHCO_3(1∶1)混合溶液胁迫下红车轴草萌发的耐盐浓度6.081‰,半数抑制浓度7.253‰,极限浓度8.425‰。蒸馏水复萌试验表明,经3种盐碱胁迫后红车轴草种子均有不同程度的复萌。综上所述,红车轴草种子具有一定的抗耐盐碱能力。     

生长调节剂对芦笋雄性两性花诱导效应的研究

以3年生芦笋"冠军"为试材,分别用不同浓度的保花保果剂(PBO)、多效唑(PP_(333))和赤霉素(GA3)在笋期和蕾期处理芦笋雄株,研究了不同生长调节剂对芦笋雄花发育的影响。结果表明:PBO和PP_(333)处理的雄花及其雄蕊小于对照,但均促进了子房发育,子房均大于对照。GA3处理的雄花及其雄蕊显著大于对照,也促进了雌蕊的发育,不仅子房显著大于对照,且具有发育良好的花柱和柱头。3种生长调节剂对芦笋雄花发育的影响均以笋期处理效应最大。笋期300mg·L~(-1) GA3处理的雄花子房最大,花柱最长,成为形态上的雄性两性花。     

马尾松土贡种源纯林与混交林生长量和产脂力比较

对广西土贡马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种源人工成熟纯林和混交林于2007年和2008年进行连续2年采脂试验,结果表明:马尾松混交林胸径、树高、材积年均生长指标均高于马尾松纯林,且树高生长量差异显著;马尾松混交林松脂产量大于纯林,但差异不显著;马尾松混交林与纯林各年产脂力和矫正产脂力无显著差异;胸径和松脂产量关系最为紧密,其次为树高和树冠比,而与枝下高无显著相关性。     

子叶节区理论在牛蒡根的发育解剖学上的应用

按照子叶节区理论对牛蒡的幼苗和根的初生维管系统进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:牛蒡幼苗的子叶节区类型为顶枝伸长型,存在一个子叶节区—茎连接区和短的子叶节区—根过渡区。子叶节区下部的中柱类型为中始式双扇形,其根的药用部分主要由子叶节区中、下部发育而来。牛蒡初生根木质部为二原型,无髓。根的周皮内有一圈分泌腔,分泌腔起源于木栓形成层。     

低碳经济视野下森林旅游发展探讨

发展低碳经济已得到政府和社会各界的广泛关注,低碳经济已经成为经济发展的必然趋势。旅游业作为第三产业的重要组成部分,是低碳经济的有机组成部分。从需求意愿、驱动机制、开发模式和评价指标体系几个方面对森林旅游低碳化发展的研究内容进行探讨,以期对森林旅游低碳发展相关研究提供借鉴。     

日本大耳白兔TLR3部分cDNA克隆及mRNA在组织中的分布

采用RT—PCR技术从日本大耳白兔的脾脏组织克隆出兔的Toll样受体基因3（命名为。TLR3），并对其mRNA在兔的17种组织中的分布情况进行了检测。结果显示，RTLR3核苷酸序列与GenBank中登载的穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）TLR3序列（登录号：NM_001082219）相似性为100％；兔的胸腺、脾脏、睾丸等14种组织中检测出TLR3 mRNA的转录产物，而在骨骼、胃和皮肤中未能发现。推导的氨基酸序列同源性比对表明，兔TLR3与人、野猪、牛、猫、褐鼠等动物的同源性最高，为80％-85％；与原鸡同源性次之，为61％；与草鱼、绿河豚等同源性在45％～48％之间；系统进化树分析表明，兔TLR3与马的亲缘关系最接近，与猪、人／绵羊、牛、猩猩／猫的亲缘关系依次渐远，与鼠的亲缘关系最远。可见，TLR3在不同种属动物及不同组织中所起的作用具有生物多样性。     

Comparison and analysis of the staining methods for cholesterol

Cholesterol staining is a useful approach for the visualization, localization and quantification of cholesterol in cells or tissues, which is frequently used to investigate the mechanisms of some diseases such as arteriosclerosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, and Alzheimer's disease. It can be accomplished through various microscopes including light microscope, fluorescent microscope, and electronic microscope. During the past decades, various types of methods for cholesterol staining with different principles have been established for different applications. It is important to choose an appropriate method that is suitable for particular experimental aims, features and conditions. At present, three kinds of methods are frequently applied: filipin fluorescent method, BCθ(a biotinylated and carlsberg protease-nicked derivative of perfringolysin O) toxin method, and cholesterol oxidase-diaminobenzidine(oxidase-DAB) method. Four kinds of methods are scarcely applied: Schultze method, perchloric acid-naphthoquinone method(PAN), digitonin method, and o-phthalaldehyde method. In this review, the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods are compared with the emphasis of the application, sensitivity, and specificity.     

Long-Term Effect of Fertilizer and Rice Straw on Mineral Composition and Potassium Adsorption in a Reddish Paddy Soil

Increasing K⁺ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might change K⁺ adsorption because of changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of a rice (Oryza sativa L.). The aims of this study were (i) to determine clay minerals in paddy soil clay size fractions using X-ray diffraction methods and a numerical diagram-decomposition method; (ii) to measure K⁺ adsorption isotherms before and after H₂O₂ oxidation of organic matter, and (iii) to investigate whether K⁺ adsorption is correlated with changes in soil chemical and mineral properties. The 30-yr long-term fertilization treatments caused little change in soil organic C (SOC) but a large variation in soil mineral composition. The whole-clay fraction (<5 μm) corresponded more to the fertilization treatment than the fine-clay fraction (<1 μm) in terms of percentage of illite peak area. The total percentage of vermiculite-chlorite peak area was significantly negatively correlated with the total percentage of illite peak area in the <5 μm soil particles (R=-0.946, P<0.0006). Different fertilization treatments gave significantly different results in K⁺ adsorption. The SOC oxidation test showed positive effects of SOC on K⁺ adsorption at lower K⁺ concentration (?120 mg L^?1) and negative effects at higher K⁺ concentration (240 mg L^?1). The K⁺ adsorption by soil clay minerals after SOC oxidization accounted for 60–158% of that by unoxidized soils, suggesting a more important role of soil minerals than SOC on K⁺ adsorption. The K⁺ adsorption potential was significantly correlated to the amount of poorly crystallized illite present (R=0.879, P=0.012). The availability of adsorbed K⁺ for plant growth needs further study.