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Edith J Mayorga Erin A Horst Mohmmad Al-Qaisi Brady M Goetz Megan A Abeyta Sonia Rodríguez-Jimnez Samantha Lei Jesus A Acosta John F Patience Mariana C Rossoni Serao Lance H Baumgard 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)
Study objectives were to determine the effects of continuously infusing glucose (GLC) or casein (CAS) into the terminal ileum on biomarkers of metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal morphology in growing pigs. Crossbred gilts (n = 19; 81 ± 3 kg body weight [BW]) previously fitted with T-cannulas at terminal ileum were used in the current experiment. Following 4 d of acclimation, pigs were enrolled in 2 experimental 4-d periods (P). During P1, pigs were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum for collection of baseline parameters. At the beginning of P2, pigs were assigned to 1 of 3 infusion treatments: 1) control (CON; water; 3 liters/d; n = 7), 2) GLC (dextrose 50%; 500 g/d; n = 6;), or 3) CAS (casein sodium salt; 300 g/d; n = 6). Water, GLC, and CAS solutions were continuously infused at a rate of 125 mL/h for the entirety of P2. Animals were euthanized at the end of P2, and intestinal tissue was collected. During P2, average daily feed intake differed across treatments and was reduced in GLC compared with CON pigs (14%), while CAS pigs consumed an intermediate amount (P = 0.05). Average daily gain and final BW were similar across treatments. A treatment by time interaction was observed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P < 0.01), as it decreased in GLC (21%) while it gradually increased in CAS (76%) pigs relative to CON pigs. Mild hyperthermia occurred with both GLC and CAS infusions relative to CON (+0.3 and 0.2 °C, respectively; P < 0.01). Blood neutrophils increased in CAS relative to CON pigs (26%) but remained similar between CON and GLC treatments (P < 0.01). Blood monocytes decreased in GLC relative to CON pigs (24%) while CAS pigs had an intermediate value (P = 0.03). Circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein tended to decrease in GLC (29%) relative to CON pigs but remained similar between CON and CAS pigs (P = 0.10). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha was similar across treatments. Ileum villus height:crypt depth was increased in CAS compared with CON pigs (33%; P = 0.05) while GLC pigs had an intermediate value. Colon myeloperoxidase-stained area increased in CAS compared with CON pigs (45%; P = 0.03) but remained similar between GLC and CON pigs. In summary, continuously infusing GLC or CAS into the terminal ileum appeared to stimulate a mild immune response and differently altered BUN patterns but had little or no effects on blood inflammatory markers, intestinal morphology, or key production parameters. 相似文献
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Megan Grobman Leah Cohn Stephanie Knapp Jeffrey N. Bryan Carol Reinero 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):107-115
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a persistent or recurrent fever for which the underlying source has not been identified despite diagnostic investigation. In people, 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) alone or in combination with computed tomography (CT) is often beneficial in detecting the source of fever when other diagnostics have failed. Veterinary reports describing use of these modalities in animals with fever of unknown origin are currently lacking. Aims of this retrospective case series were to describe 18F‐FDG‐PET or 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT findings in a group of dogs with fever of unknown origin. Dogs presenting to a single center between April 2012 and August 2015 were included. A total of four dogs met inclusion criteria and underwent either positron emission tomography (n = 2) or positron emission tomography/CT (n = 2) as a part of their diagnostic investigation. All subjects underwent extensive diagnostic testing prior to 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT. Initial diagnostic evaluation failed to identify either a cause of fever or an anatomic location of disease in these four dogs. In each dog, positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/CT was either able to localize or rule out the presence of focal lesion thereby allowing for directed sampling and/or informed disease treatment. Follow up 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT scans performed in two patients showed improvement of observed abnormalities (n = 1) or detected recurrence of disease allowing for repeated treatment before clinical signs recurred (n = 1). Fever resolved after specific treatment in each dog. Findings from the current study supported the use of positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/CT as adjunctive imaging modalities for diagnosis and gauging response to therapy in dogs with fever of unknown origin. 相似文献
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Carolyn M. Doerning Michael P. Bradley Patrick A. Lester Megan H. Nowland 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(5):658-666
Objective
To characterize alfaxalone administered subcutaneously (SC) in guinea pigs, both alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine.Study design
Prospective, blinded, crossover study.Animals
A total of 15 healthy female guinea pigs weighing 400–600 g.Methods
Alfaxalone (10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1) was administered SC to three guinea pigs as a pilot dose-finding study. Alfaxalone (20 mg kg?1; A20) was selected for comparison against combination protocols of alfaxalone (15 and 20 mg kg?1) with dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg kg?1) and buprenorphine (0.05 mg kg?1; A15DB, A20DB). Each protocol was randomly administered to 12 guinea pigs separated by ≥7 days. Time and quality of induction and recovery, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation, rectal temperature, pedal withdrawal reflex and adverse effects were recorded.Results
The median time to induction for A20, A15DB and A20DB was 6.8–8.0 minutes with no significant difference between treatments. Mean duration of recumbency for A20 was 73.6 ± 19.6 minutes. Recumbency duration for A15DB and A20DB extended to 90 minutes, at which time dexmedetomidine was antagonized using atipamezole (0.025 mg kg?1 SC). Physiological variables were within normal limits with the exception of one animal that died 45 minutes following treatment with A20DB. Pedal withdrawal reflex remained intact with all treatments. Minor side effects such as twitching or bruxism occurred sporadically with treatment A20 but not with A15DB and A20DB.Conclusions and clinical relevance
SC alfaxalone produced uncomplicated sedation that may be recommended for nonpainful procedures that do not require complete immobility. The addition of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine increased the duration of sedation and immobility, but did not result in general anesthesia. This combination sedation protocol may be useful for nonpainful procedures requiring extended immobility. 相似文献249.
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Serum and Synovial Fluid Serum Amyloid A Response in Equine Models of Synovitis and Septic Arthritis 下载免费PDF全文