鸡传染性鼻炎的诊断和治疗

某鸡场产蛋鸡鸡群中部分鸡相继出现流鼻涕、打喷嚏、眼结膜发炎、一侧或两侧面部肿胀等症状.根据流行病学调查、临床观察、细菌学检查和分离菌株的生化及动物试验,确诊为鸡传染性鼻炎.通过药敏试验选用泰乐菌素和磺胺药治疗,并改善饲养管理,迅速控制了该病.     

利用模糊规划技术为畜禽优化饲料配方

本文介绍一种新的饲料配方优化模型一模糊配方模型,利用该模型改进已有配方软件,并将该模型与已有模型进行比较和分析。     

Silacalix-

The synthesis of polyphosphinine macrocycles, which consist of a 16-membered ring with four phosphorus atoms (P4) and a 12-membered ring with three phosphorus atoms (P3), is described. Their high coordination ability is demonstrated by the quantitative synthesis of the rhodium and iridium cation complexes of the P4 macrocycle and by quantitative synthesis of the W(CO)3 complex of the P3 compound. Unlike the other available macrocyclic ligands bearing oxygen, sulfur, di- or tricoordinate nitrogen, and even tricoordinate phosphorus as ligating atoms, which are all essentially final sigma donors, these dicoordinate phosphorus-based macrocycles have strong pi-acceptor properties. Their use can be envisaged for the stabilization of negative oxidation states of transition metals or in reductive catalysis.     

Characterisation of tryptase and a granzyme H-like chymase isolated from equine mastocytoma tissue.

Mast cell proteinases are important inflammatory mediators in man and other species, but until now there has been no investigation of the nature of equine mast cell proteinases. These studies describe the purification and characterisation of two proteolytic components from equine mastocytoma tissue, detected using chromogenic substrates for trypsin and chymotrypsin. Following chromatographic purification, the trypsin-like component was found to be equine mast cell tryptase by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, showing a close similarity with human tryptase-beta (85% identity over 20 residues). It also had similar subunit molecular size (34-36kDa by SDS-PAGE) and substantially similar cleavage specificity to human tryptase-beta with the substrates tested. A 32kDa chymotrypsin-like component was also purified from mastocytoma extract, and termed equine mast cell proteinase-1 (eqMCP-1). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of eqMCP-1 was very similar to human granzyme H (95% over 19 residues). Rabbit antisera directed against tryptase and eqMCP-1 both detected equine mast cells by immunohistochemistry, and will be of use in future clinical studies of the relevance of mast cell proteinases in equine allergic disease.     

Development of a toxin-binding agent as a treatment for tunicaminyluracil toxicity: protection against tunicamycin poisoning of sheep

Objective To assess the ability of certain derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin to treat sheep affected by tunicaminyluracil toxicity, using tunicamycin poisoning as a model system.
Design Controlled treatment trial.
Animals One hundred and sixty Merino wethers were used in the studies.
Procedure Groups of sheep were experimentally poisoned with tunicamycin. Derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin, with or without magnesium sulphate and magnesium gluconate, were administered to treatment groups daily for 2 to 3 days. Treatment groups were compared with untreated groups in terms of survival.
Results A significant increase in survival was observed following treatment of tunicamycin-affected sheep with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPb -CD) and magnesium sulphate in solution (P < 0.05). In subsequent trials, formula tion of the cyclodextrin in the form of a magnesium gluconate gel suspension demonstrated significant protection (P < 0.01) and was equally as effective as the cyclodextrin in solution, but required half the frequency of administration, even when the treatment was not commenced until 24 h after the final toxin dose. Beta-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin copolymer also improved the survival rate. After toxin administration, the sheep lost significantly less weight if treatment with HPb -CD was commenced early (P < 0.001).
Conclusion Protection studies using these two beta-cyclodextrin derivatives suggest that they may be effective in increasing the survival of sheep poisoned by tunicamycin and warrant further testing in field outbreaks of annual ryegrass toxicity.     

Follicular,Oocyte and Embryo Features Related to Metabolic Status in Primiparous Lactating does Fed with High‐Fibre Rearing Diets

Fertility of primiparous lactating does in the early postpartum (pp) period is very low mainly due to pronounced deficient energy intake, influencing oocyte and embryo developmental competence. The hypothesis used in this work was that high‐lignin fibre diet supplied during the rearing period could increase feed intake and, consequently, improve the reproductive physiology and metabolic status of primiparous does in the early pp period. Diets with high‐lignin [HL: 15.8% dry matter (DM)] or standard‐lignin content (SL: 4.9% DM) were supplied until parturition time. No diet effects in serum oestradiol, progesterone concentrations and follicle categories were found in the histological study. Metaphase II rate of in vitro‐matured oocytes was significantly higher in the SL vs the HL group (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmically degenerated oocytes (in terms of abnormal distribution of cortical granules) and follicular atresia rate were significantly lower in the SL group than in the HL group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 respectively). In addition, HL‐fed does showed lower number of viable embryos and higher rate of retarded in vivo‐recovered embryos compared with the SL group (p < 0.05). Neither in vitro embryo development of viable embryos nor conception rate was significantly different between groups. Feed intake increased during the first pregnancy in the HL group (p < 0.05), but not during early lactation. Serum protein, non‐esterified fatty acid and leptin concentrations, as well as estimated body composition were similar in does fed with both diets. In conclusion, the enhancement of reproductive management by using highly lignified products in rearing diets does not seem to report physiological reproductive benefits affecting oocyte maturation rate and embryo viability in primiparous lactating does.