北京地区林木损失额的价值计量研究——有关古树名木科学文化价值损失额计量方法的探讨

该文主要对北京地区古树名木的科学文化价值损失额的计量理论和方法作了初步探讨.古树名木的科学文化价值损失额包括科学研究价值损失额和历史文化价值损失额两个方面.古树名木的科学研究价值损失额主要表现在树种的珍贵程度和稀有程度上,而古树名木的历史文化价值损失额则主要表现在其具有的典故价值和对社会的影响程度等方面.因此,该文在对古树名木的科学文化价值损失额的计量方法进行探讨时,以树种价值为基准值,运用稀缺理论、资产评估理论等基本原理,并借鉴外溢估价法、古董的价值确定方法等一系列的方法,对古树名木的科学研究价值损失额和历史文化价值损失额的计量方法分别进行探讨和分析.最后,建立了古树名木的科学研究价值损失额和历史文化价值损失额的计算公式,并进一步明确了科研价值级别系数、历史文化价值级别系数、典故系数等一系列调整系数的确定方法.为全面、准确地评价古树名木的价值提供了科学合理的理论依据和准确的计量方法.同时也为古树名木损害的经济赔偿案件的处理提供了科学的衡量尺度和处罚依据.     

不同整地方式对小兴安岭低质林生物多样性的影响

通过对小兴安岭低质林改造后第一年样地的生物多样性进行调查,以小兴安岭铁力林业局卫东林场的原始阔叶红松林作对照,运用主成分分析方法,对不同整地方式下各试验区生态系统初始情况对比评析,并将试验区内改造样地与保留样地的数据进行对比分析。结果表明：低质林改造过程中对乔木层生物多样性恢复有促进作用,对草本层生物多样性恢复造成负面影响;揭草皮子整地方式对草本层生物多样性的负面影响低于暗穴整地方式。研究结果为森林生物多样性恢复的整地方式的选择提供依据。     

居民对城市森林生态效益经济补偿支付意愿实证分析

城市森林生态功能价值的最大受益者是其周边地区的居民,实行城市森林生态效益经济补偿政策首先应从城市森林周边地区开始,为此,需要调查周边地区居民对城市森林生态功能价值的支付意愿(WTP).该文是在对哈尔滨城市森林周边的四个居民区进行调查的基础上,应用假设市场价值评估法(CVM)对城市森林周边地区居民进行城市森林生态效益经济补偿支付意愿(WTP)调查.对调查数据的分析表明,66%的居民认为空气质量有好转,96%的居民认为需要加强城市森林投入,70·6%的居民愿意出资(人均33·2元/a),80·3%以上的居民愿意出力(5·5h/a);影响支付意愿的方式及支付大小主要有文化程度、人均收入两种因素;进行的Logistic回归分析能够预测不同收入居民的出资概率.综上,建议对城市森林生态效益实行经济补偿的方式应包括出资和出力两种形式,支付额度要符合居民的支付意愿.     

小城镇环境基础设施投资效率及其改进——重庆市116个小城镇的考察证据

通过对重庆市116个小城镇环境基础设施投资效率的测度分析发现:重庆市小城镇环境基础设施投资效率偏低且"一区两群"存在显著的空间差异;产业基础和经济发展水平、政策辐射、市场和政府的协同作用、区域资源要素禀赋、发展理念及战略定位等对现有投资效率有重要影响.研究认为效率改进应从区分项目的经济属性,政府市场合理分工;创造项目市场化条件,尽量发挥市场力量;发展市场化融资手段,充分利用市场资金;创新投融资体制,健全城投运作机制4个方面入手.     

vMIP-Ⅰ激活Jurkat细胞抗-HIV基因表达的研究

本研究通过构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N3-vMIP-Ⅰ,电穿孔法将其转染至Jurkat细胞,荧光定量PCR检测vMIP-Ⅰ基因对Jurkat细胞内CCL5、APOBEC3G、APOBEC3F、等抗-HIV基因表达水平的影响,从而探讨vMIP-Ⅰ抗HIV感染的机制。结果显示：成功构建了pEGFP-N3-vMIP-Ⅰ载体,电穿孔转染效率达到40%左右,与转染空载体组相比,vMIP-Ⅰ转染组的Jurkat细胞内CCL5、A3G、A3F和MX1分别上调7.37倍、1.58倍、2.42倍和2.06倍。研究结果表明：vMIP-Ⅰ基因可激活Jurkat细胞内一些抗HIV相关基因的表达,这可能是vMIP-Ⅰ基因抗HIV感染的机制之一。     

Relationship Between Agricultural Credits and Agricultural Economy Based on Error Correct Model in Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang is a large agriculture province.Problems of agriculture,rural areas and farmers are urgent to be solved.The development of agriculture needs the support of agricultural credits,because finance is the center of agriculture economy.However,the low comparative advantage in agriculture and pursuit of the capital interests which aggravate the conflicts of supply and demand of agricultural funds.Lacking of fund is the main factor that constrains the development of agricultural economy.In order to ana...     

广义森林生态效益似乎不相关模型的总体估计

用 2 0 0 2年黑龙江省森工林区森林资源属性数据和空间数据 ,研究了黑龙江省广义森林生态效益的特征及似乎不相关模型 .采用“市场化”逼近技术方法 ,在理论和技术上将森林生态效益向市场化的商品靠拢 ,研制出了黑龙江省森林生态效益价值计量技术体系 (包括概念、特征、变量集、数学模型等 ) .通过生态效益补偿特征系数曲线分析 ,提出了黑龙江省森林生态效益补偿的基准法则 .研究结果初步确定黑龙江省森工林区森林生态效益价值为179亿元 a,森林生态效益补偿量的估计值为 18亿元 a ,并提出补偿的主体应该是国家的公共财政 .     

Studies on the Sustainable Developmint of Forestry in China

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A regional evaluation of the effect of fiber type in gestation diets on sow reproductive performance

A cooperative regional research study using 194 sows, from which data were collected from 381 litters, was conducted at 3 research stations to determine the effects of added psyllium (a concentrated fiber source) or soybean hulls to gestation diets on reproductive performance of sows and preweaning performance of their pigs. Primiparous and multiparous sows were allotted to the 3 treatments of control (corn and soybean meal-based), 0.30% psyllium, or 20% soybean hulls. Sows fed the control and 0.30% psyllium diets were provided 1.82 kg/d, and sows fed the 20% soybean hulls diet were provided 2.0 kg/d to equalize ME, Lys, Ca, P, and vitamin and trace mineral intake. Treatments 1 to 3 had 130, 130, and 121 litters per treatment from 64, 64, and 63 sows, respectively. Gestating sows fed psyllium had a greater (P < 0.01 to 0.10) d 110 gestation, farrowing, weaning, and 17 d postpartum BW and gestation ADG compared with sows fed soybean hulls. Sows fed psyllium also had a greater (P < 0.10 and 0.08) d 110 gestation BW and gestation ADG than the control sows. Sows fed soybean hulls had a reduced (P < 0.06) farrowing BW compared with the control sows. Sows fed psyllium weaned lighter (P < 0.09) pigs than sows fed the control diet. Litter size was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Sows fed psyllium had a reduced (P < 0.03) feed intake compared with sows fed soybean hulls for d 5 to 7 postpartum, and sows fed the control diet were intermediate. Fecal scores (1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) were greater (P < 0.001) and DM content was less (P < 0.001 to 0.01) in the feces of sows fed soybean hulls compared with sows fed psyllium or the control diet on d 112 of gestation and d 4 postpartum. Fecal scores were greater (P < 0.10) and fecal DM content was less (P < 0.02) in sows fed psyllium compared with sows fed the control diet only on d 4 postpartum. In summary, sows fed soybean hulls during gestation had reduced BW compared with sows fed the control diets. In contrast, sows fed psyllium had an increased BW.     

太白山自然保护区立地研究

根据太白山自然保护区立地特征,以生态学作为立地分类理论依据,制定出一套较为完整的立地分类系统。将太白山自然保护区分为２个立地亚区。８个立地类型区,１５个立地类型亚区。根据立地因子相关分析结果确定土层厚度是进行立地类型划分的主要依据