刺梨果汁对乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

[目的]研究刺梨果汁对乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。[方法]参考相关文献,测定刺梨果汁各营养物质含量,同时测定其紫外光谱和红外光谱,以及其清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基的能力,检测其对肝损伤小鼠生化指标的影响。[结果]1 m L刺梨果汁含有5.00 mg蛋白质、32.50 mg总糖以及0.26 mg维生素C。由紫外可见光谱可知,刺梨果汁的特征吸收峰在205~300 nm范围,在255 nm处有最大吸收。红外光谱结果表明,刺梨的吸收峰与维生素C以及多糖吸收峰基本相同。小鼠试验表明,刺梨果汁低[8 m L/kg·d)]、中[12 m L/(kg·d)]、高[16 m L/(kg·d)]剂量组显著抑制乙醇诱导慢性肝损伤小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的升高,灌胃刺梨果汁的中、高剂量组显著抑制谷草转氨酶(AST)和丙二醛(MDA)的升高。灌胃刺梨果汁高剂量组肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著高于对照组。组织病理表明,刺梨果汁各剂量组的小鼠肝细胞排列整齐、细胞索清晰。[结论]刺梨果汁具有对乙醇诱导的小鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用。     

不同生态区玉米适时晚收增产效果

【目的】研究不同生态类型区玉米适时晚收技术的增产效果和适应性,为玉米适时晚收技术在生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】2007年和2008年分别在中国主要玉米产区(东北、华北和黄淮海地区)的41个试验点,设置推迟7d和14d两个时间收获,分析适时晚收对玉米产量的影响。【结果】调查数据显示,适时晚收,玉米产量和千粒重显著增加。推迟7d收获,两年各试点的平均产量分别比对照增产4.20%和4.94%;推迟14d收获,两年各试点的平均产量分别比对照增产7.79%和7.92%。玉米晚收增产效果随着纬度的降低而增加(东北地区华北地区黄淮海地区),推迟7d收获时,纬度每降低一度,2007年和2008年的增产幅度分别为0.08%.d-1和0.06%.d-1;推迟14d收获时,纬度每降低一度,2007年和2008年的增产幅度分别为0.06%.d-1和0.07%.d-1。玉米适时晚收提高了对光温资源的有效利用,推迟7d和14d收获,有效积温分别增加了109.5℃和194.5℃,日照时数分别增加了44.55h和83.38h。【结论】玉米适时晚收具有明显的增产效果,但增产幅度随着纬度的降低而增加,适宜的晚收时间与当地生态条件也密切相关。     

基于改进光谱角算法的小麦产量监测研究

[目的]基于小麦生长发育关键时期的近地面高光谱数据和收获实测产量数据,利用改进的光谱角算法进行冬小麦产量估测.[方法]选择2个小麦品种,设置4个氮素水平处理,根据氮素营养对小麦冠层可见光和近红外光谱影响较大的特点,构建监测小麦冠层氮素营养的光谱角算法.[结果]氮素营养对小麦产量差具有比产量更明显的差别,不同小麦品种在不同生育时期和氮素水平下光谱角变化有明显的差异,小麦生育前期的光谱角变化较小,生育后期光谱角增加,末期光谱角降低,不同氮素水平之间表现出NO-2>N0-3>NO-1.光谱角与小麦产量呈明显的二次线性关系,拟和方程决定系数为0.7844,达到极显著水平.[结论]利用光谱角进行小麦产量监测是可行的.     

Undernutrition During Foetal and Post‐Natal Life Affects Testicular Structure and Reduces the Number of Sertoli Cells in the Adult Rat

To test whether undernutrition during foetal to pre‐pubertal life would have long lasting effects on testicular histology in adult male offspring, eleven adult Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control group, n = 4, fed ad libitum, during gestation and lactation (until 25 day post‐partum). Underfed group pregnant females (n = 7) were kept in cages where only dams had access to food (standard rat chow, 33.5% of ad libitum intake of Control group pregnant dams). After parturition, litters were adjusted to either 14 (Underfed group) or eight (Control group) pups. Mothers were weighed weekly. At 25 day of age pups were weaned, housed at four animals per cage, fed ad libitum and weighed weekly until euthanized at 100 day of age. Testes were processed for standard histology and morphometrical evaluation. At weaning, mother weight was lower in Underfedthan in Control group (mean ± SD): 214.1 ± 26.2 g vs 361.9 ± 33.1 g. Body weight at 100 days of age (254 ± 26.9 g vs 342.4 ± 10.2 g, p ≤ 0.001), testicular weight (1.29 ± 0.16 g vs 1.45 ± 0.13 g, p = 0.03), number of Sertoli cells per seminiferous tubule cross section (18.2 ± 1.2 vs 20.2 ± 1.3, p ≤ 0.01) and per testis (30.5 ± 4.2×10⁶ vs 36.0 ± 5.4×10⁶) were lower (p < 0.05) in Underfed than in Control group. This is the first report stating that foetal to pubertal subnutrition is accompanied by changes in testicular structure and lower Sertoli cell numbers in adult life, strongly suggesting lower daily sperm production.     

郑单958与先玉335子粒脱水特征研究

以目前我国种植面积最大的玉米品种郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,对其子粒脱水情况及相关因素进行初步分析。研究结果表明,子粒含水率与脱水速率均随生育进程的推进不断降低,但两个品种差异明显。生理成熟时,郑单958子粒含水率为27.19%~30.51%,先玉335为24.61%~26.78%,较郑单958低2.58~3.73个百分点。含水率稳定时,郑单958和先玉335的子粒含水率分别为21.77%和16.96%,先玉335较郑单958低4.81个百分点。郑单958的子粒脱水速率低于先玉335,调查范围内该品种子粒含水率均高于先玉335。相关分析显示,子粒含水率变化与苞叶、穗轴的含水率变化呈极显著正相关,与穗柄含水率变化无相关性,苞叶和穗柄的含水率品种间差异不显著,穗轴含水率则有明显的品种间差异。     

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PATLAK PLOT CT‐GFR IN ANIMALS WITH UPPER URINARY TRACT DISEASE

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important parameter of renal function, is difficult to assess clinically. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen measurements lack sensitivity, whereas radionuclide determination of GFR is not always available and requires postinjection patient isolation. GFR can be determined using computed tomography (CT), most commonly via Patlak plot analysis. Four adult cats, two adult dogs, and a foal underwent abdominal CT under general anesthesia for various diseases of the upper urinary tract. CT‐GFR was measured with a single‐slice dynamic acquisition and Patlak plot analysis. In five animals, the total CT‐GFR appeared to be below normal, corresponding with mild (two animals) and moderate (two animals) increases of serum creatinine in four. In the two animals with normal or increased CT‐GFR, serum creatinine was within the reference values. A significant negative logarithmic relationship was found between CT‐GFR and serum creatinine values (P=0.008; r²=0.75). No complications occurred during or following CT‐GFR. CT examination provided clinically relevant information in 3/5 patients with possible ureteral obstruction and in 3/3 patients with suspected ureteral calculi. Single‐slice dynamic CT‐GFR was practical and provided clinically useful information in this small series of patients undergoing CT of the upper urinary tract. There was a significant relationship between CT‐GFR and serum creatinine values, which supports the clinical potential of CT‐GFR and justifies further investigation of this technique.     

MicroRNA转录后调控欧美杨R2R3-MYBs抗锈菌表达

[目的]强致病锈菌亲和型树种欧美杨适合做寄主感病分子机理研究。研究表明转录因子及其调控miRNA在杨树抗/感病过程中起重要的信号传导和调控作用,决定杨树与锈菌的亲和性。为深入研究杨树感病性,对欧美杨R2R3-MYB转录因子及其调控miRNA进行研究。[方法]构建锈菌侵染和未侵染miRNA组、降解组文库和基因表达谱文库,进行高通量测序。对基因表达谱结果进行生物信息学分析鉴定R2R3-MYBs,根据miRNA组和降解组数据确定R2R3-MYBs调控miRNA。应用定量PCR技术鉴定候选R2R3-MYBs和其调控miRNA的表达量。[结果]共鉴定到230个欧美杨R2R3-MYBs,其中55个R2R3-MYBs在锈菌侵染和未侵染叶片间表达量差异显著,其余表达量变化不显著。基于降解组,共鉴定到由22个miRNA调控18个R2R3-MYBs的86个转录后调控关系。定量PCR结果表明PC-3p-2521022_1与Pnd MYB173存在转录后负调控关系。预测的R2R3-MYB靶基因涉及水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯和脱落酸等多个植物激素抗性路径。[结论]E4强致病锈菌侵染导致亲和型树种欧美杨23.9%的R2R3-MYBs表达量发生变化,锈菌侵染不但可以影响R2R3-MYBs的表达量,还可以启动或关闭R2R3-MYBs的表达。欧美杨在E4强致病锈菌胁迫条件下,R2R3-MYBs转录后主要受miR159和miR858家族的miRNA调控。     

Preliminary study on pyroptosis involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM:To investigate the changes of pyroptosis in hippocampus and cortex at different time points after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and to explore its mechanism from NLRP3-mediated classical pyroptosis pathway, and to analyze the role of pyroptosis in different parts of cerebral injury. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group) and model group (MCAO/R group). The rats in model group was further divided into cerebral ischemia-reperfusion 6 h group (MCAO/R 6 h group), 12 h group (MCAO/R 12h group)and 24 h group (MCAO/R 24 h group). The rat model was established on rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) induced by modified right-side thread method. Neurologic function score, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and morphological observation were used to evaluate the degree of nervous cell injury. TUNEL and caspase-1 immunofluorescence double staining were used to detect pyroptosis. The protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, pro-caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Neurological damage occurred at different times after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. TTC staining showed that the volume of cerebral infarction gradually increased with the prolongation of reperfusion time (P<0.05). The hippocampal CA1 area and cortical area showed typical morphological features such as loose tissue structure, interstitial edema, disordered arrangement of nerve cells, deepening of nucleus staining, nuclear fragmentation and decreased cell number. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that there was a phenomenon of pyroptosis at different time after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The pyroptosis of hippocampal CA1 and cortical area was most obvious at 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, pro-caspase-1 and IL-1β in NLRP3-mediated classic pyroptosis pathway was regulated in different degrees after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The protein expression of NLRP3 in hippocampus was significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05), and the protein expression of NLRP3 in cortex was significantly increased at 6 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). The protein expression of pro-caspase-1 in hippocampus was significantly increased at each time points of reperfusion (P<0.05), and the protein expression of pro-caspase-1 in the cortex was significantly increased at 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). The protein expression of cleaved caspase-1 in the hippocampus was significantly increased at 12 h after reperfusion (P<0.05), and increased in the cortex at 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). The protein expression of IL-1β in the hippocampus was significantly increased at 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.05), and increased in the cortex at 6 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Pyroptosis is involved in neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The classic pyroptosis pathway plays an important regulatory role in hippocampus and cortex, especially in hippocampus, suggesting that hippocampus is the main part of secondary nerve impairment induced by pyroptosis and inflammation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.     

东北春玉米子粒生理成熟期含水率差异分析

2017~2018年在内蒙古开鲁、辽宁铁岭试点,对8个共用品种生理成熟期子粒含水率进行观测,分析受子粒脱水成熟阶段（生理成熟前的15 d）积温变化的影响。结果表明,同一品种在不同地点、不同年份生理成熟期子粒含水率存在显著差异,其中,8个品种在不同地点间的差异平均达到2.31个百分点（变幅0.8~4.3）,在不同年份间的差异平均达到2.91个百分点（变幅0.7~5.4）,环境因素对子粒达到生理成熟的日期和含水率有显著影响,且环境和品种之间具有显著的互作效应。不同熟期玉米品种生理成熟期子粒含水率与生育期无显著相关,生育期（x）越长的品种,生理成熟期子粒含水率在不同地点、不同年份之间的差值（y）越大,两者符合y=0.161 9x-21.454,R2=0.736**（n=16）。子粒脱水成熟阶段积温对该阶段的脱水速率及生理成熟期子粒含水率具有显著影响,温度低、脱水慢的地区和年份玉米生理成熟期子粒含水率偏高,晚熟品种受影响程度明显大于早熟品种。     

黑河干流浮游动物与水环境因子关系的多元分析

为探明黑河干流浮游动物与水环境因子之间的关系,分别于2015年4月、7月和12月测定黑河干流浮游动物密度、生物量与水环境因子,应用多元逐步回归分析、通径分析和典范对应分析方法进行研究。结果表明：黑河干游浮游动物种类以轮虫等小型个体为主,其密度、生物量及种群分布受到水环境因子的共同作用,各断面水环境因子的差异是浮游动物数量变动及分布情况不同的主要原因。上游浮游动物数量变动受水体叶绿素a含量和溶氧影响,高锰酸盐指数和总磷决定浮游动物的分布;中游浮游动物数量变动受叶绿素a含量和透明度制约,其分布与pH、溶氧、电导率、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a密切相关; 影响下游浮游动物密度的主要因子是叶绿素a含量、溶氧、总磷和电导率,生物量则与叶绿素a含量、总氮和电导率相关,总磷和溶氧共同决定下游浮游动物的分布。