不同氮肥水平下蚯蚓粪施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响

以两优培九为材料,采用大田微区试验,研究不同氮肥水平(N1,9 g/m~2;N2,12 g/m~2;N3,15 g/m~2)下不同蚯蚓粪施用量(EC0,0;EC_1,16.88 kg/m~2;EC_2,33.76 kg/m~2)对水稻生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽40 d后EC_2和EC_1处理的茎蘖数均显著高于EC0(P0.05);幼穗分化期和乳熟期EC0处理的SPAD值均显著低于EC_1和EC_2处理(P0.05);齐穗期EC0处理的叶面积指数分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低32.7%和80.7%,地上部总干物质量分别比EC_1和EC_2处理低30.6%和59.8%;成熟期有效穗数、地上部干物质量和水稻产量均表现为EC_2EC_1EC0,EC_2和EC_1处理的有效穗数分别比EC0处理多41.5%和21.3%、地上部干物质量分别比EC0处理高47.7%和25.8%、产量分别比EC0处理高35.4%和34.3%。由此可见,施用蚯蚓粪便可促进水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶面积、SPAD值和地上部干物质量,进而提高水稻籽粒产量。     

Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.     

Effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus

AIM:To investigate the effect of Kechuanning on airway remodeling and the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats induced by virus. METHODS:The asthmatic rat model induced by respiratory syncytial virus was established. The experimental rats were divided into normal group, asthma model group, low dose (0.33 mL/kg), middle dose (3.0 mL/kg) and high dose (10 mL/kg) of Kechuanning groups, and PD98059 (3 mg/kg) group. The airway responsiveness of the rats was measured by animal ventilator. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by HE staining. PAS staining and Masson staining were used to observe goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues of the rats was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the airway responsiveness of the rats in middle dose and high dose of Kechuanning groups was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the injury of lung tissues was significantly decreased, the goblet epithelial cells metaplasia and airway collagen deposition were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). In addition, the protein level of p-ERK1/2 in high dose of Kechuanning group was significantly decreased compared with model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:Kechuanning may treat asthma by regulating the expression of p-ERK1/2 in the lung tissues and improving the airway remodeling symptoms of asthmatic rats induced by virus.     

小麦条锈菌夏孢子在不同温度下离体处理后的致病力研究

以小麦条锈菌高感品种铭贤169为试验材料,设置了-50、-45、-40、-35、-30、-25、-20℃7个不同温度梯度,研究了小麦条锈菌夏孢子离体处理后的致病力。结果表明,在-35~-20℃低温下,条锈菌夏孢子可存活10 d,接种寄主小麦后病叶率2.36%~74.39%,平均严重度0.13%~4.21%;-40℃下可存活8 d,病叶率1.23%~2.78%,平均严重度0.01%~0.29%;-50℃下可存活6 d,病叶率1.04%~1.39%,平均严重度0.01%~0.17%。随着处理温度的降低,夏孢子致病力逐渐下降。在相同温度下,随着夏孢子离体处理时间的延长,致病力亦呈逐渐下降趋势。     

减氮控水对日光温室番茄-小型西瓜产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

研究日光温室滴灌施肥条件下,不同水肥组合对作物产量、品质和氮素利用的影响,综合评价优化水肥和常规水肥管理的调控效应。田间试验设置4个水氮处理,包括不施氮+常规灌溉(N_0+FI)、常规施氮+常规灌溉(FT+FI)、优化施氮+常规灌溉(OPT+FI)、优化施氮+优化灌溉(OPT+OI)。测定不同处理下秋冬茬番茄-春茬小型西瓜的产量、品质以及根、茎、叶、果实氮素吸收量。结果表明:优化水氮处理(OPT+OI)番茄产量和果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸和Vc含量与农户常规水氮处理(FT+FI)无显著差异,但番茄果实的硝酸盐含量降低了66.3%(P0.05);灌溉量相同时,减氮40%处理(OPT+FI)的小型西瓜产量相比常规施氮处理(FT+FI)提高了13.1%;OPT+OI处理果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸和Vc含量较对照处理(N_0+FI)均显著提高。不同水肥处理下,两季作物氮在各器官的累积量均表现为果实叶茎根。随着番茄的生长,果实和茎的氮素携出量占总携出量的比例分别由62.4%和5.9%增加至67.1%和6.3%,而根和叶中氮素携出量降低,OPT+OI处理果实氮素携出所占比例增量最大,促进了营养器官中的氮素向果实中转运。在当前日光温室栽培条件下,适当优化施氮量和灌溉量既可以保证作物产量和氮素吸收,同时提高果实的品质。     

木薯抗细菌性枯萎病生理特性研究

[目的]探讨木薯抗细菌性枯萎病的生理特性,为木薯抗细菌性枯萎病品种选育提供依据.[方法]以木薯品种新选048为试验材料,采用桶栽方式室外种植木薯,在木薯苗期和块根形成期以针刺法接种细菌性枯萎病病原菌,以不接种病原菌的木薯叶片为对照,分别于接种后7和14 d采样测定脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,对比分析人工接种侵染后发病叶与健康叶的生理指标差异.[结果]细菌性枯萎病病原菌接种侵染后,木薯发病叶片的Pro含量及POD、PPO和CAT活性均高于对照.苗期接种7和14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的Pro含量分别较对照极显著提高83.3%和112.5%(P<0.01,下同),块根形成期接种7和14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的Pro含量分别较对照极显著提高110.2%和120.2%;苗期和块根形成期接种14 d后,接种病原菌叶片的MDA含量分别较对照显著降低30.9%和17.9%(P<0.05,下同),POD活性分别较对照极显著提高66.7%和96.4%,PPO活性分别较对照显著提高43.1%和30.4%,CAT活性分别较对照显著提高31.2%和28.9%.苗期和块根形成期2次接种侵染后发病叶片的可溶性糖含量、SOD活性和PAL活性多无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]木薯叶片的Pro和MDA含量及POD、PPO和CAT活性与木薯抗细菌性枯萎病有密切关系,这些指标可作为木薯抗细菌性枯萎病评价的生理指标.     

阔叶树种的研究现状与江西研究的发展方向

通过对阔叶树种在我国及江西省的研究状况的论述，初步总结了阔叶树种的研究水平及研究方向，指出了江西省阔叶树种研究存在的问题，探讨了江西省今后阔叶树种研究的方向。